Coping with Change, Managing Uncertainty Essay -- essays research pape

Coping with Change, Managing Uncertainty Introduction Thirty years ago most people thought that deviate would mean more of the same, only better. That was incremental change and to be welcomed. Today we know that in many areas of life we cannot guarantee more of the same...we cannot even predict with confidence what will be happening in our own lives. (Handy, 1991) He differentiates between incremental and discontinuous change, suggesting that the combination of economics and technology form a potent blend in this. We can see that high Education (HE) program library and Information Services (LIS), are part of an environment which is subject to both incremental and discontinuous change Political - increased arrest from central government Sociological - the information age Educational - the mass HE system Technological - networking, computing and telecommunications Organisational - new structures Economic - increased drive for value for money Cultural - changed norms and values In LIS the move from holdings of information sources in-house to electronic access to remote sources, along with the pressure to provide more run with fewer human and financial resources brings its own kind of change New structures such as team-working Collaboration with a range of different groups and individuals Additional skills for provide and users Increased management and decision-making Heavier workloads LIS managers and their faculty need to adopt positive strategies to cope with these changes Library administrators must become facilitators. They must understand how the world is ever-changing and how the library must change. And they must also learn to be masters at persuasion, since wherever there is change there will be resistance. (Moore, 1995) Coping with change rests on two struts understanding change and managing change. Coping with change understanding Practical steps can be taken to increase knowledge and understanding get up (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis TQM (Total Quality Management) exercises Group planning exercises Programmes of visiting speakers Training needs analysis Environmental scanning Electronic discussion lists User surveys Internal staff surveys Away days External seminars, conferences and workshops Shared experience sessions Understanding uncertainty Information technology is ve... .... Mowat (eds). Networking and the future of libraries managing the intellectual record. UKOLN and LA. Corrall, S. (1995 b) Academic libraries in the information society. New Library World, 96 (1120), 35-42. Garvin, D.A. (1994) Building a learning organisation. Business Credit New York, 96 (1), 19. Handy, C. (1991) The Age of Unreason. In Henry, Jane (ed) Creative Management. Sage Publications, 269-282. Majaro, S. (1988) The Creative Gap. London, Longman. Moore, M. (1995) Impact of the changing environment on donnish library administration conflicts, incongruities, contradictions and dichotomies. Journal of Library Administration, 22 (1), 13-36. Morgan, G. (1991) Emerging waves and challenges. In Henry, Jane (ed). Creative Management. Sage Publications, 283-293. Riggs, D. (1997) Whats in store for academic libraries? Leadership and management issues. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 23 (1). 3-8. Walton, G. and Edwards, C. (1997) Strategic management of the electronic library in the UK higher education sector implications of eLibs IMPEL2 project at the University of Northumbria at Newcastle. In Raitt, D. (ed) Libraries for the New Millennium, 169-198.

How the Characters in 1984 Rebel Against Oppression :: essays research papers

There are many characters in the novel 1984. These characters all rebel in separate and distinctive ways from each other. In George Owells not so sanguine vision of the year 1984 from his standpoint in 1949, he tells of a dreary future of what the world was becoming. In this future, no one has the right to anything, including free speech, freedom of press or even freedom of thought. Even the exposit like the history of the known world are changed by a corrupt and ever growing political party, which is managed and run by un-emotional and odious officials. From Julia, who rebels by purely simple, intimate acts, to Winston, who dreams to overthrow the party all the characters have their own personal way of dealing with the oppression.One example of rebelling against the party is that of Julias knowledgeable escapades. She plots and plans to have sex with many of the different party members in order to find release in her otherwise boring lifestyle and by doing so she increases the am ount of mass personal rebellion within the partys regiment. After Winston and Julia are done having sex in the woods for the first time, he asks her how many other men has she done this with. She told him that she had done it with scores of other men and Winston is delighted to hear the good news. He feels that the more men she has had sexual encounters with makes the party weaker because those men dont really feel committed to their party. Julia does not dream of rebellion against their oppressors as Winston does. However, she accepts her role in society and goes active life enjoying herself when she can.Syme can also be marked as a rebel of the party. Although we have very little actual contact with him in the book, Winston thinks that Syme is as well smart to have the party favor him for long. This is probably the reason that Syme disappears later on. He was working on a new Newspeak dictionary for the party nevertheless may have fell out of favor because of his intelligence. S yme is a rebel because of his brain. He refuses to go along with everyone else and bring himself down to the I.Q. of the masses, so he, in turn, gets himself killed by the party. This is an important note because Syme does not actually hate the party or even dislike the party.

MUDs, MOOs, and Society :: Technology Society Technological Papers

MUDs, MOOs, and SocietyINTRODUCTIONImagine a place where one can encounter strange creatures that argon part charitable and part animal. Imagine a place where human beings get to the ability to destroy and create things with just a flick of a finger. Imagine a place where people from all over the world come together at all times of the day and night to talk about assail the evil overlord to free their kingdom. Imagine a place where people can meet and talk without ever seeing the other but cool off create a world or an academic project. This place is found in the endless void that is called the internet. This place has two names MOO and MUD. These realistic places create many different worlds, have different purposes, and allow different actions by the user. Essentially, these MUDs and MOOs allow many people to be whatever they want and do whatever they want. This concept alone open up many issues that may and will affect a society that increasingly connects RL (real life) to th e VL (virtual life).In analyzing this technology, MUDs, MOOs, etc. are essentially online societies. Therefore, it is subjected to nearly all the issues that RL (real life) society is subjected to. People are people regardless if they interact face to face, over the telephone, or in the virtual realm. The only difference is the physicality of the parties involved. By no means is this difference to be taken lightly because physicality of parties does and will affect the interaction of everyone involved. However, humanity legato reacts, emotes, feels, and communicates regardless of time, space, or dimension. All of these issues will be addressed through analyzing what the technology is, the types of literacy necessary to be involved with this technology, and the ethical issues bred out of this technology. TARGET technologyDescriptionCowan defines a MUD as a multi-user domain, multi-user dungeon, or multi-user dimension, all of which are referring to the same thing, an environment w here multiple people may be logged on and interacting with one another. This environment creates a society much like any other RL society. The only real prerequisite is to be a part of these online societies is to have a computer with an internet connection. Once entered in the MUD/MOO domain, prompts will appear asking for your real name, email address, the sex of the character to be playing, and a password for logging in.

Book Review of That Eye, The Sky by Tim Winton :: Book Review

I have chosen to read the book That Eye, The Sky by Tim Winton. The front cover isnt truly appealing- it has a picture of a house in the outback, with the night-sky covering it. I have picked this book because unmatchable of the school librarians have recommended it to me, and said that it is a in truth moving book. And that it will expand my vocabulary. The blurb suggests that That Eye, The Sky has little bit to do with the supernatural, which Im a bit wary of. I wear downt enjoy read books that havent much to do with things out of this world. Actually, I dont really enjoy reading books that are written about things outside of what I know as familiar. But well see how I go.The main character in this story is Morton Ort Flack, and he is twelve years old. He lives in outback Western Australia with his mother, father, older sister, Tegwyn (I have had so much trouble with the pronunciation of her name), and his grandma. His mum is a housewife and works on their farm, Im not sure wha t his dad would be classified as but he works for Orts best friends dad, Bill Cherry, who he is obliged to run personal errands for. Ort looks up very much to his father, and his parents are very much in love. His sister is a typical sixteen-year-old. She constantly fights with her parents, rebels against everything and practises self-mutilation- Real careful she takes the smoke out of her mouth and looks at the hot end and put it in one of her tits and shivers- (ok, maybe that last purpose isnt typical but she is a teenager nutriment in the bush with nowhere to go and no materialise to have friends or get out of the bush so I, as a teenager, can justify why she would do something like that). It is never mentioned what his granny is suffering from but Ive made the assumption that its something along the lines of Alzheimers- she doesnt remember anything and has slowly withered away. Ort as the youngest likes to make sure everyone is living their lives alright so he spies on his s ister, grandma and parents just to see what they do when they dont know anybodys watching. I thought this part was a bit perverted at first, but it can be translated as his way of feeling safe and making sure everyone else is safe.

The Cycle of Selfhood in Sillitoe Essay -- Literary Analysis

The Cycle of Selfhood in Sillitoe PrefaceAfter Alan Sillitoes death in 2008, journalist and author Catherine Mayer wrote Sillitoes obituary for Time magazine. She begins it with her witness assessment of Sillitoes work. Mayer asserts that Sillitoe possessed a rare ability to identify the lovable qualities in characters his readers might shun in real life (Mayer). It is sure he did. That ability can, of course, be attributed to talent, hard work and strong writers intuition, but it can also be said that perhaps it was calorie-free for Sillitoe to identify those qualities in those characters, because he identified with those characters. One critic goes so far as to say that Sillitoe is too close to them for his own good, he abdicates to an charge autobiographical compulsion (Roskies 172). The critic tempers that remark in the next sentence saying that, Its virtueis its splendid recreation of hand-to-mouth subsistence living in Nottinghamthe industrial North as a whole (Roskies 17 2)Sillitoe grew up in the same kind of environment as his characters do. Born in 1928 and raised in Radford, a working single out suburb in western Nottingham (Daniels and Rycroft 461), Sillitoe was son to Christopher Sillitoe, a tannery laborerilliterate, frequently out of work and sometimes abusiveand Sylvia Burton Sillitoe, a strengthen factory worker (Aspden). At 14, Alan Sillitoe left school to work a string of factory jobs, one as a lathe operator at a bicycle factory (Daniels and Rycroft 464), just like Arthur Seaton, the protagonist of Sillitoes, Saturday Night and Sunday Morning.IntroductionContemporary working class fiction from the British Isles is fraught with class struggle and its a topic that drove much of the work of the Angry ... ...Lessons of the long-distance runner. The New Criterion (2008) 23-28. Academic Search Complete. Web. 13 Oct. 2011.Daniels, Stephen, and Simon Rycroft. subroutine the Modern City Alan Sillitoes Nottingham Novels. Transactions of the In stitute of British Geographers 18.4 (1993) 460-480. JSTOR. Web. 13 Oct. 2011.Mayer, Catherine. Alan Sillitoe. Time 10 May 2010 35. Academic Search Complete. Web. 13 Oct. 2011.Penner, Allen R. Human self-regard and Social Anarchy Sillitoes The privacy of the Long-Distance Runner. Contemporary Literature 10.2 (1969) 253-265. Academic Search Complete. Web. 13 Oct. 2011.Roskies, D. M. Alan Sillitoes Anti-Pastoral. The Journal of Narrative Technique 10.3 (1980) 170-185. Print.Sillitoe, Alan. The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner. New and Collected Stories. New York Carroll & Graf Publishers, 2003. 1-35. Print.

Plagiarism :: Cheating Internet Computers Essays

Plagiarism The Internet, what a wonderful place. The Internet connects people across the world, provides the world with vast amounts of easily hearty information, and keeps everyone connected. At first glance, you wouldnt notice any outlying enigmas with this touchmingly brilliant creation of the 20th century. On closer look, however, a major problem has arisen. That problem is called plagiarisation. Plagiarism is loosely defined as to steal and pass off the ideas or words of another as ones own, to function without crediting the source. There is an abundance of free information on the Internet, and regulations for its use, which cant easily be enforced. Consider who uses the Internet for research and study purposes, college students, who have many another(prenominal) papers to write. Plagiarism is superior among students of all levels, because its the easy way out. Disciplinary action in regards to plagiarism is so infrequently taken, especially on the co llege level, that plagiarism isnt being taken too seriously. There are some universities, however, that are taking it seriously, and immediate action has taken place. On the whole, plagiarism is a serious offense, and steps need to be taken in order to control the use of the information on the Internet. When it comes to the Internet, plagiarism is high among high school and college students for a number of reasons. For starters, the Internet is a relatively new phenomenon, only in the past ten to fifteen years have we been using it for research. Other methods of research have been around for hundreds of years, and thus they have specific guidelines for their use, there are rules about citation and creating bibliographies. I have yet to see a specific, all-inclusive format for citing or recognizing an Internet source. Cheating and plagiarizing have also become less serious offenses to the majority of youth during our time. For example, The State of Americans This contemporaries and the next (Free Press, July 1996) reported that in 1969, only 58.3% of high school age students allowed other students to copy from them, while in 1989, 97.5% allowed this to happen. That startling statistic demonstrates these offenses have unacceptably change magnitude over the years.

Plagiarism :: Cheating Internet Computers Essays

Plagiarism The meshwork, what a wonderful place. The Internet connects people crosswise the world, provides the world with vast amounts of easily accessible study, and keeps everyone connected. At first glance, you wouldnt notice any outlying problems with this seemingly brilliant creation of the 20th century. On closer look, however, a major problem has arisen. That problem is called piracy. Plagiarism is loosely defined as to steal and pass off the ideas or words of some other as ones own, to use without crediting the source. There is an abundance of free information on the Internet, and regulations for its use, which cant easily be enforced. Consider who uses the Internet for research and study purposes, college students, who have many papers to write. Plagiarism is high among students of all levels, because its the easy way out. Disciplinary action in regards to plagiarism is so infrequently taken, especially on the college level, that plagiarism isnt bei ng taken too sedately. There are some universities, however, that are taking it seriously, and present(prenominal) action has taken place. On the whole, plagiarism is a serious offense, and steps need to be taken in order to control the use of the information on the Internet. When it comes to the Internet, plagiarism is high among high school and college students for a number of reasons. For starters, the Internet is a relatively new phenomenon, only in the past ten-spot to fifteen years have we been using it for research. Other methods of research have been around for hundreds of years, and thus they have specific guidelines for their use, there are rules about acknowledgment and creating bibliographies. I have yet to see a specific, all-inclusive format for citing or recognizing an Internet source. Cheating and plagiarizing have also become less serious offenses to the majority of youth during our time. For example, The State of Americans This Generation and the next (Free Press, July 1996) reported that in 1969, only 58.3% of high school age students allowed other students to copy from them, while in 1989, 97.5% allowed this to happen. That startling statistic demonstrates these offenses have unacceptably increased over the years.

Effect of Rizal’s Writings to the Filipinos

Jose Rizal is known for his belles-lettres which increased the awareness of the Filipino people of the wrong doings of the Spaniards and it united some Filipinos to form a group against the government. His literary works sparked the rebellion against the Spaniards and they believed that Rizal was one of the masterminds of the war which was the reason why he was tested and sentenced to death.Rizal is considered as the national hero in the Philippines because he fought for our freedom and he showed the extensive potential of the Filipinos knowing that it would cost him his life. One interesting thing about Rizal is that he used a different method to attain peace compared to others. He used his knowledge in writing to make poems and novels instead of using force and violence which most people did to gain freedom.He embedded ideas to the Filipinos that raising blazonry is not the solution because people die but our ideals and beliefs will not. He was able to reclaim the hearts of the Filipinos and reminded them how important it is to love ones country. Rizal was an tenuous writer and poet. He was able to portray his beliefs and opinions clearly to the people which easily got their attention and realize what they are capable of doing. He showed the people that one arse change even without violence. Nowadays, Filipinos rarely know who Rizal is.The only thing they know is that he is our national hero because it is what was taught to them in their basic education. Some dont even know who he is or what he did for our country which is really depressing because we are forgetting our own culture. I believe that Rizals life and writings have minimal effect on todays youth because it is considered by many as another waste of time since they wont use it anyway when they graduate or in the courses they will take in college. In order to

Case Study Papa John’s International, Inc. Twenty-First Century Growth Challenges Essay

1) What is your assessment of atomic number 91 whoremongers differentiation system? On what viles does the come with differentiate?There are a number of bases on which protoactinium lavatorys differentiates itself, many of which are interrelated. First and first of all is pascal tooshies offering of a emin put in- fictitious character pizza pie, which not only allows them to differentiate on the basis of a product feature (i.e. the mellowed quality ingredients used in the pizza), but, even more(prenominal) importantly, on the basis of reputation. While most other pizza chains read their sights set on more of a cost-leader/low- footing strategy, and make an less genuine statement of quality, dada prats entire organizational culture is focused squarely upon the pursuit of check ingredients, better pizza. This commitment has in turn endeared it to customer base, and has resulted in a long string of high customer satisfaction ratings. Papa Johns early adoption of onlin e and mobile ordering technologies allowed it to differentiate itself on the bases of both timing of introduction and distribution channels. Papa Johns was in fact the very first pizza chain to offer both internet- and text-based ordering, and it was able to generate tremendous revenues as a first-mover in these then-untapped channels. Being that Papa Johns is a part of the larger fast food industry, and consumers seek out fast food in large part on the basis of its convenience, the value of such a distribution system obviously lies in how easily accessible it made Papa Johns products.2) Is Papa Johns strategy sustainable? What is your assessment based on a VRIO analysis?Obviously the most sustainable base of Papa Johns differentiation strategy is its reputation as a producer of high-quality pizzas. Such has been earned through years of commitment to the goal of producing a consummate(a) pizza, which is an outgrowth of a stiff organizational culture and well-communicated vision. T he relationship between Papa Johns and its dedicated customer base is socially complex, and these customers could not be taken away overnight by a rival who suddenly began using better ingredients. However, the underpinning of this reputation the product feature of high quality ingredients is not nearly as sustainable, as it is not too costly for Papa Johns rivals of comparable size to ultimately imitate. In fact, Dominos and Pizza Hut have demonstrated a shift towardshigher-quality ingredients in recent years, and so this point of differentiation is no longitudinal as rare as it once was. However, it will take many more years of making pizzas of similarly high quality for either to genuinely cement the same reputation as Papa Johns, and reputation does remain a very sustainable base of differentiation.However, it is worth considering at which monetary value point the value of this reputation begins to diminish, given the nature of the product category itself. Papa Johns is, aft er all, a fast food pizza chain, and expense does play a significant role in the fast food market. Obviously, part of the value of having a differentiated product is the ability to leave out bounteousness prices for it, and to easily pass increased costs on to a customer base which is relatively price-insensitive. However, the question here is what price ceiling exists on fast food pizza, regardless of its quality. Papa Johns may have a reputation for the highest-quality fast food pizza, and loyal customers may be willing to pay more for this high-quality fast food pizza than a lower-quality fast food pizza, but the price dis space-reflection symmetry between the two is unlikely to be anywhere near as great as that between, say, a car made by Rolls Royce and one made by Hyundai. Papa Johns may be able to charge a premium, but it must still exist within what is an essentially narrow price mold acceptable for fast food. Should Papa Johns prices exceed this reasonable range perh aps in the event that they cannot continue staving off ingredient cost volatility as well as they have to this point then even their most loyal customers will turn to other brands or reliever foods of higher quality which warrant a higher price.The essential point is that price still does play a significant role in Papa Johns reputation sure they make high-quality pizza, and sure it costs a little more than Dominos, but that price premium is able with its greater quality, and it strikes the right balance between affordability and quality. However, the value this reputation provides in allowing for higher prices while it does exist, and thus leads one to conclude that reputation is a denotation of sustained competitive advantage does indeed have its constraints. It creates value, but only until reaching a price ceiling which is lower for this product category than for premium products in most other product categories. Regarding Papa Johns other, interrelated bases ofdifferenti ation timing of introduction and distribution channels it is evident that these were that temporary sources of competitive advantage along a base which has given way to competitive parity. Every other pizza chain (and pretty more than every restaurant, chain or independent) now offers online and/or mobile ordering, and thus Papa Johns offering of increased convenience is no long-lasting rare. Furthermore, Papa Johns has not been the first to market with any further similar innovations in the years to follow, and its base of differentiation as a pioneer of clever innovations is in many ways currently dormant. This is perhaps owed to a shift in organizational focus away being the first-to-market with story propositions as Papa Johns looks increasingly to extending the business they have already perfected to foreign markets.3) What do you recommend Papa Johns do to achieve its growth goals?Papa Johns has encountered challenges in its attempt to balance its focus on producing a hi gher-quality pizza with expanding its product blend in enough to keep up with competitors who offer broader product mixes. Papa Johns does not want to stretch its focus and resources too thin, and consequently thin the quality of its pizza by shifting attention away from it. However, many of Papa Johns competitors, namely market leaders Dominos and Pizza Hut, have broadened their product mixes to include items such as pasta dishes, and Papa Johns has in turn been pressured into adopting similar additions to their menu. Because all of these pizza chains have begun matching each other with regard to product mixes, adding menu items is acting more as a base of competitive parity than competitive advantage.However, in expanding its product mix through co-branding strategies, Papa Johns can forge a far more sustainable base of differentiation. Papa Johns has already partnered with Nestle in adding additional dessert items, and such is a strategy they should continue to pursue aggressiv ely, not notwithstanding with Nestle but with many other companies. Obviously Papa Johns can free up its resources and attention in partnering with another company to develop and produce menu items for it, and it can focus more on maintaining its high level of pizza quality. More importantly, if Papa Johns could enter into exclusive deals with these other brands and companies, and in turn be theonly one in the industry to offer products by a given brand of high repute (and even possibly a product made exclusively by that brand for Papa Johns), then its competitors will have lots more trouble attempting to match the combined brand equity of Papa Johns and its partners. In terms of more of a corporate-level strategy, Papa Johns should consider integrating backward into the production of its high quality ingredients. Obviously it has already done this to some extent with BIBP Commodities, Inc. in combatting cheese price volatility, but they should consider going a step further in actu ally producing cheese and other ingredients themselves. They would be much better poised to fit a steady stream of consistently-priced ingredients in handling production themselves to some extent, and they would similarly be able to directly maintain the quality of its ingredients.It has already been tell that the product feature of high-quality ingredients is not very sustainable, and that other pizza chains are already moving to match the quality of Papa Johns ingredients. However, should Papa Johns lock in a supply of high quality ingredients at affordable prices whilst others are still encountering significant price volatility, then it will be more costly for Papa Johns competitors to imitate its pizza quality. Additionally, Papa Johns could act as supplier of ingredients to other restaurants (excepting of course its competitors), just as it originally expanded into the printing industry to produce its own print advertisements, but now also provides printing services to other companies. Expanding into the production of ingredients it already uses so heavily and, by nature of its expertise in producing high-quality pizzas, of which it already as a strong understanding makes greater sense than creating a Hispanic restaurant as is suggested in the text, being this such is a specific category of food with which Papa Johns has no prior experience. In entering a restaurant category so dissimilar, Papa Johns will have to spread its attention thin far thinner than in expanding its product mix and, in turn, will likely be distracted from its heretofore steady pursuit of better pizza, setting in motion an eventual loss of its hardfought reputation. As stated, Papa Johns reputation is its strongest point of differentiation, and, regardless of whatever move it makes next, it must maintain its high level of brand equity.

How Literature Impacts Society Essay

How Literature Impacts Society BY 234 Literature has been crucial to communities since language was tailored and used by great deal as a blueprint of communication. Literature takes the reader out of their world and brings them into the authors world. It makes people think outside their normal box if you will. Literature offer bring people of different backgrounds, cultures, and ways life together. When people relate with a piece of literature, it genuinely makes you think that youre not alone and that someone else has been through what you are going through.The way authors are able to grab you with how the characters are feeling or what they are looking at brings the reader into that story. If you read a piece of literature that contains information on other cultures you then see how they live, what works for them and what doesnt. As a reader, we learn how other cultures live, which in turn makes us as a society think about the way that we live our own lives. In the Lesson the author really brings you into her world. She even goes as far as using the language that was used in the time by her and her peers.In this story the eaders are brought into a little girls world where destitution and its struggles are so clearly shown for the little girl as well as the other characters surrounding her. The author brings readers into the mind of the little girl and really showed her attitude which was she really did not care about anything and really seemed angry about her surrounding and angry at the people in her life. The reader can relate to this character even if their surroundings are different then the characters. The children were taken to upper class neighborhoods where they were shown a different way of ife.By pickings the children to the high class toy store at first they were a little hesitant. But what I got to be shamed about? Got as ofttimes right to go in as anybody (Diyannt, 2007, 431). Literature can bring readers from real life stories to dream li ke different world stories. Franz Kafkas metabolism brings you into a dream world where a normal man turns into a huge insect. But in the story most memorable part is the concomitant that this man before he changed into a huge insect was such a good person. He cared for is family and had such an enormous heart for them.He worked potent e genuinely day so that his family could have a demote life. He paid off his parents debt and the irony of the story is when he rancid into an insect his family disowned him. They mistreated him and all they care about was how the bills were going to get paid. Even though this piece of literature is very dream like the of import idea of this man being a workhorse for his family and finally when he needed them the most they disowned him. Readers of all societies can relate to how the main character felt.Its very difficult as a person to understand how other people live their lives or why they do the things they do. Through literature authors make that doable for a reader to truly experience what another person is feeling and thinking. We as readers can travel back in time to see how societies were or we can travel around the world to see how people live in different parts of the world without leaving the knowledge and use it to better our own society. References DiYanni, R (2007) Literature Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama (6th ed. ) New York McGraw-Hill.

English and Vietnamese Adjective Phrases.

PART A INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale. Nowadays, position is the intimately widely utilise in the world and plays an important role together with the development of society and technologies. position is not besides the effective blind drunks of communication hardly similarly evince its progressive effects in m any(prenominal) aspects of life. Practically, mintvass on the similarities and battles between the deuce languages and cultures English and Vietnamese has been one of my bitecerns. It is clear that in that location argon many differences between the two languages of as those in grammar, lexicology, translation, phonetic and so on.However there still exist plenty of similarities and differences between English and Vietnamese that faecal matter be demonstrated bunco gametrastive analysis. When choosing the subject for the assignment, I put much attention to adjectival phrases beca wasting disease this field whitethorn make me confused. I hope that this study help me as well as other learners will understand adjectival phrases in English and Vietnamese thoroughly. 2. Aims of the study. My research aims at. + Giving theoretical ground of English and Vietnamese adjective phrases. Analyzing of the cry install in English adjective with Vietnamese equivalence + Presenting nearly difficulties faced by Vietnamese learners of English in adjective phrases and 3. Scope of the study. During the study process, I develop been attracted by adjective phrases. Because of time allowance and knowledge, I cannot cover all its constructions, rights, etc. however plainly focus on ranks, and I introduce some similarities and differences of adjective phrases between English and Vietnamese for the research. PART B DEVELOPMENT I. Literature check out I. 1.Definition of Adjective phrase I. 1. 1. English Adjective phrase According to Quirk et al. (57) and Greenbaunm (32), an adjective phrase is a phrase with an adjective such(prenominal) as overlarge or beaming as its head. Within the adjectives phrase, the adjective may be pre-modified (too careful) or post-modified (afraid of ghost ) or both of premodifed and post modified (too c archaic to swim, passing afraid of ghost). The structure of the typical adjective phrase is shown at the future(a) figure. The parenthesis indicate the optional elements. pic Eg. I am tired head The fashion is full of smoke ead postmod. The bus is very slow to set off premod. head postmod. I. 1. 1. Vietnamese Adjective phrase According to Di? p Quang Ban (5) and Nguy? n Tai C? n (10), a Vietnamese adjective phrase is a phrase in which there is an adjective as a head. For ideal t? t, v? n r? t t? t, r? t t? t, t? t qua. same(p) English adjectives, Vietnamese adjectives have the ability to combine with modifier genes which are divided into two parts modifiers preceding the head are called premodifiers, whereas those following the head are called premodifiers.In Vietnamese adjective phrases, some mod ifiers can appear both in advance and after the head. eg. xinh qua, qua xinh, c? c k? t? t, t? t c? c k?. Like the structure of noun phrases and verb phrases, the full construction of an adjective phrase consists of three components a head, premodifier, and postmodifer and the short construction may consist of one component (a head) or two components (a head and premodifier or a head and postmodifier). The structure of the typical Vietnamese adjective phrase is in the following figure premodifier(s) + head + postmodifier(s) I. 2.Adjective phrases and their orders I. 2. 1. Word order by syntactic authoritys of English adjective phrases According to Greenbaum (32) Adjective functions have two main functions premodifier of a noun (attri plainlyive function) and subject predicative(subject predicative function). Eg. premodifier of a noun (attributive function) My cat is a very curious cat. Subject predicative(subject predicative function). My sister is very pretty Besides, Ther e are some other functions of adjective phrase Object predicative function They are going to paint their house pink Postmodifier of a pronoun Shall we go to somewhere cool? Postmodifier of a noun I dont mean to make my wife sad Nominal adjective You should confuse the Chinese and the Japanese Complement of a preposition he did not come back shell till late last night. a. Word order in attribute function When they come before nouns, they run in the following order a (adjective) + b (noun) Eg. Barack Obama is a extremely strict president a + b As the example shows, adjective phrases used in premodification are usually every one leger phrase. When they come after nouns, they occur in the following order b (noun) + a (adjective) Eg. I am thirteen years old b + a Anyone intelligent can apply for the job b + a Barack Obama was the president elect. b + a b. Word order in predicative function In adjective phrase, an adjective not only occurs in attributive position, it can as w ell appear in predicative position as subject complement after linking verbs like be, seem, appear, especially the verbs of sense taste, look, smell, etc. There is a copular relationship between subject and subject complement.The record book order can be formalized as a (subject) + b (linking verb) + c (adjective) Eg The cake tastes sweet a + b + c Your perfume smells fragrant a + b + c That music sounds beautiful a + b + c She seems innocent a + b + c I. 2. 2. Word order through Syntactic functions of Vietnamese Adjective phrases a. Word order in Attributive function In Vietnamese adjective phrases, adjective in the attributive function a lot follow the noun they modify according to the order a (noun) + b (adjective) (noun) + b (modifier) + c (adjective) a (noun) + c (adjective) + b (modifier) Eg. Lan da nau c? a co ? y v? n cu? n hut toi = Her brown skin still attracts me Do la bu? i sing mai th? t d? p = That is a very nice early morning M? t chi? c vay l? a Ha Dong th? t d? p a + c + b + d M? t chi? c vay c? a Ha Dong b? ng l? a th? t d? p a + b + c + d M? t chi? c vay l? a th? t d? p c? a Ha Dong a + c + d + b M? t chi? c vay th? t d? p b? ng l? a c? Ha Dong a + d + c + b b. Word order in Predicative Function In Vietnamese adjective phrases, adjectives can directly function as predicative like verbs and the order can be formalised as a (subject) + b (adjective) Eg. B? phim th? t hay = The film was very interesting a + b When Vietnamese adjectives are in the predicative function, they can combine with the criteria of verbs. These are + aspect-time manufacturer da, s? , t? ng, con, chua, etc. a (subject) + b (aspect-time maker) + c (head) Eg. Co ngu? i toc da b? c pho + b + c II. inappropriate analysis of the word order in English adjective with Vietnamese equivalence It is obvious that both English and Vietnamese are analytical languages but they belong to different linguistic typologies. English is an inflectional and analytical language, where as Vietnamese is a typical isolating and non-inflectional language. Therefore, apart from the similarities which do not cause difficulties for learners, there are many differences between English and Vietnamese adjective phrases and their orders which can cause a variety of problems (errors and confusion) for learners.So, I will go deeply into the differences only and I think affinity might be the best way to identify the differences in the word order in English and Vietnamese adjective phrases. The following comparison will focus on the differences in 1. Word order through syntactic functions of adjective phrases 2. Word order in premodification of adjective phrases 3. Word order through staple ground levels of comparison II. 1. Word order through syntactic functions of adjective phrases In terms of main syntactic functions, most English and Vietnamese adjectives can be used both attributively and predicatively.When adjective function attributively, they attribute to a quality or dispositionistic to what is denoted noun they modify. However, there are differences in the word order in the English and Vietnamese adjective phrases through their syntactic functions. II. 1. 1. Word order in Attributive function he is a very generous man Anh ? y la m? t ngu? i hao phong Premod. + N N + postmod. English is a rather difficult subject Ti? ng Anh la m? t mon h? c kha kho Premod. + N N + postmod From the above examples, it can be seen that both English and Vietnamese adjective functions as attribute of nouns, i. e. in attributive function, and they do not vary in form to agree with nouns. However, in the attributive function, English adjectives are used as premodifier of the noun, i. e. they come before the noun and appear between the determiner and the head of the noun phrase, whereas Vietnamese adjectives share the same character in that they often function as postmodifier, i. . they come after the noun. This is an important difference between the two languages . II. 1. 2Word order in predicative function The following examples show the difference in the word order of adjective phrases in predicative function. Eg. Lan is very pretty and intelligent Lan r? t xinh d? p va thong minh intensive V. Adj. + Adj. Adj. + Adj. I dont like living in the house because it is so Toi khong thich s? ng trong ngoi nha do vi no b? n th? i va t? tam dirty and dark Adj. + Adj. intensive V. Adj. + Adj. Apart from the attributive function, both English and Vietnamese adjectives can overly be used predicatively. However, in English, when adjectives function as predicate they are used after an intensive verb be. foreign English adjectives, Vietnamese adjectives play the predicative role directly without the linking verb be, i. e. in this function, Vietnamese adjectives are used to complete a sentence without any verbs or verb phrase.On the contrary, English adjectives can never function as verbs. In a sentence, they must follow a verb or a verb phrase. Moreover, when we translate from English into Vietnamese, we often meet a great number of disyllabic adjectives in Vietnamese. For example xinh xinh x? n (beautiful) kho kho khan (difficult) ch? m ch? m ch? p (slow) g? n g? n gang (tidy) Generally, these disyllabic adjectives are formed from monosyllabic adjectives. Whether using monosyllabic or disyllabic depends on the habit of the Vietnamese Eg. It is clear that he is quite slow Ro rang r? ng anh ? y kha ch? ch? p The weather makes me feel tired Th? i ti? t lam cho toi c? m th? y m? t m? i Further more(prenominal), almost all Vietnamese monosyllabic adjectives can be used repeatedly to diminish the characteristics or levels. And these are typical features of Vietnamese adjectives which we do not find in English, for example I felt iciness (Toi c? m th? y lanh l? nh). Unlike English adjectives, in Vietnamese, some adjectives can combine with nouns adjective + noun to form the group of recount adjectives to express the sta te of the characteristics. For example My mother is a very careful and helpful womanM? c? a toi la m? t ngu? i ph? n? c? n th? n va nhi? t tinh These group of words have metaphoric meaning and can function as predicate and attribute. Here are some groups of words which are frequently used nong tinh(hot-tempered), d? tinh(easy-going), t? t b? ng(knid-hearted), sang d? (clever), feed c? m (brave), etc. However, when the order of the groups of words is inverted, the metaphoric meaning disappears. Besides, in Vietnamese, the structure ma + adjectives is used to strongly express the objection to an opinion, a remark just made by the speaker.This structure is only applied the peers or inferiors Eg. Is Nam really friendly? Anh Nam ma than thi? n a? Generally, in languages, the incontrovertible sentences have the positive meaning, but in Vietnamese, when ma precedes adjectives in the sentence, the sentence has the negative meaning. The sentence Anh Nam ma than thi? n a? (Is Nam really f riendly? ) intend Nam is not friendly Another feature of Vietnamese adjectives which does not exist in English. That is, adjectives that precede ra, len, di l? i to form compound words or the group of words turn into verbs or have the character of verbs.In Vietnamese, the pattern adjectives + ra/len/ di/l? i is used to express the development of character, state of things or people. When these words combine with adjectives, they often imply the presupposition and have the opposite content, for example when we think Lan d? o nay trong xinh ra. It implies that Lan is more beautiful than before. In Vietnamese, the sense of positive uses the pattern adjective + ra/len. In English, this structure is expressed by Intensive verb + adjective with the comparative meaning. The cosmos is becoming warmer Trai d? t dang nong d? len Vintensive + Adj Adj + len II. 1. 3. Word order in premodification of adjective phrases In this section, we will discuss and analyse the differences in the word order in premodification of English and Vietnamese adjective phrases in detail through translation Eg. I am very glad to meet you Toi r? t vui m? ng du? c g? p anh Intensi. + Adj Intensi. Adj The tigers are very big and savage Nh? ng con h? ?y to l? n va hung d? l? m Intensi. + Adj + adj Adj + adj+ Intensi. She is very nervous before each exam Co ? y da qua lo l? ng tru? c m? i k? thi Intensifier + Adj Intensi. + Adj I am very remorseful and disappointed Toi th? an h? n va th? t v? ng qua Intensifier + Adj + Adj Adj + adj+ Intensi Through the above examples, it should be noted both English and Vietnamese adjectives serve as the head of adjective phrases. Adjective phrases may contain only an adjective as the head, or two components the head and premodifier or the head and postmodifier. Both English and Vietnamese adjectives are premodified chiefly by adverbs. Generally, premodifiers are intensifiers.In English, they are very, extremely, rather, a bit, quite, etc. a nd in Vietnamese, they are r? t, r? t la, qua, th? t, c? c k? , hoi, etc. However, there are some differences in the order of the adverbs denoting peaks in the two languages. In English, these adverbs are followed by adjectives while in Vietnamese, they can occur both before and after adjectives. For instance, in Vietnamese, the adverbs r? t, qua, l? m are used to indicate the highest breaker point of the personal or non-personal characteristics and they are the same meaning but different in usage.All of them can be translated as very besides, qua, l? m may be translated as too and so in English. These examples also show that the word order of adverbs of degree very in English and r? t r? t la in Vietnamese is the same, i. e. they occur before adjectives. However, very and r? t are often used in written language, whereas r? t la is often used in spoken language. But when very is used as l? m or qua, the word order us absolutely different. L? m in Vietnamese must be preceded b y adjectives and it is often used in spoken language.Contrary to l? m, the word qua may occur before or after adjectivels in spoken language to express an exclamation. Also c? c k? , tuy? t, th? t may occur before or after adjectives. However, the words qua, c? c k? , tuy? t, th? t often appear after adjectives, therefore, when they are used before adjectives, they are often used with the meaning of emphasis or assessment. Unlike English adjectives, Vietnamese adjectives can play the predicative role directly, so they can combine with the aspect-time criteria of the verbs such as da, dang, s? , v? n,c? con and it is a typical feature of Vietnamese. This combination expresses the relation between the characteristics and time. These characteristics are based on the sense of aboriginal speakers and they exist like the form of the state. In short, modifiers da, dang, s? , v? n, c? , con not only express grammatical meaning but also the purpose of the statement and the relation between a speaker and reality. In Vietnamese, in certain situations of the sentence, these meanings will be distinguished. Eg. They were very successful H? a r? t thanh cong Vintens. + Intensi. + Adj time-maker + intens. + adj Our country is different now D? t nu? c c? a chung ta da khac xua Vintens.. + Adj time-maker + adj After the wedding, She is very happy Sau l? cu? i, co ? dang r? t h? nh phuc Vintens. + Intensi. + Adj time-maker + adj I hope that you will be comfortable Toi hy v? ng la b? n s? c? m th? y tho? i mai Aux. + Vintens.. + Adj time-maker + adj My wife was still angry V? toi v? n con gi? Vintens.. + Adv + adj time-maker + adj From these, we can see a very remarkable structural difference In English, aspect-time categories are indicated by the forms of the verbs, whereas do not Vietnamese do not have the house of time and the meaning of the time is indicate by supporting words da, dang, s? , v? n, c? , v? n con. In Vietnamese, the predicative function is expres sed by the structures da/dang/s? /v? n/c? con/v? n c? /con c? + adjective, but in English this function is expressed by different structures intensive verb(past) + adjective intensive verb( play) + adjective, auxiliary + present participle+ adjective auxiliary + be + adjective, intensive verb + still + adjective. II. 1. 4 Word order through basic degree of comparison Most adjectives in English and Vietnamese can take comparison. These are gradable adjectives and they have three degrees of comparison same degree higher degree lower degree a. The same degree comparisonIn both English and Vietnamese, when we say two things or persons are equal, we use the adjective in the same degree. In english, we use the structure as + adj + as, whereas in Vietnamese, we use some modifiers nhu, b? ng, tuong t? after adjectives in the structure adj + nhu/b? ng/tuong t?. For example My wife is not as beautiful as yours V? toi khong xinh b? ng v? anh My house is as small as your chest of dr awers Nha c? a toi ch? b? ng van phong c? anh thoi Nobody can understand me as much as my mother Khong ai co th? hi? u toi nhu m? c? b. The higher degree comparison In order to indicate the difference in the word order in the degrees of comparison. First I would give here some examples and their translation into Vietnamese. Hanoi is much more beautiful than Hanoi was Ha N? i ngay nay d? p hon nhi? u Ha N? i tru? c kia Health and happiness are more important than money S? c kho? va h? nh phuc quan tr? ng hon ti? n b? One of the worst diseases which mankind have is cancer M? t trong nh? ng can b? nh nguy hi? m nh? t ma loai ngu? i ph? i ch? u la ung thu These examples show that in the higher degree of comparison, English adjectives change their forms. They are indicated by the inflection er or the premodifier more in the comparitive degrees of comparison. We also add the inflection est or the premodifier most to show the superlative degree.We have some specific rules when us ing er, est, more and most. In contrast, in Vietnamese, in both comparative and superlative degrees, modifiers unceasingly come after the adjective they modify and adjectives do not change their form in both cases c. The lower degree of comparison When we want to say a person or a thing has less of a quality then the other, we use the comparison of the lower degree. In the lower degree, English adjectives take the modifier less.. then? or can be negated from the equality degree and the lowest degree can be denoted by adding the modifier the least.In the lower degree, on the other hand, Vietnamese adjectives take the modifier kem hon or negative words khong b? ng Khong du? c nhu and the lowest degree can be expressed by the words kem nh? t it nh? t. For example The film was less interesting than I expected B? phim nay khong hay nhu toi mong d? i less + adj + than khong + adj nhu This city is not as dangerous as others thanh ph? nay khong nguy hi? nhu cac thanh ph? khac not + as + adj + as In Vietnamese, the relation between these modifiers is very complicated. For instance, we may consider b? ng opposite to kem and khong b? ng may replaced by kem. The word hon may have the similar meaning as b? ng when it combines with khong (khong hon). For example Khong co gi quy hon d? c l? p t? do (Nothing is more precious than independence and freedom) Di? m c? a anh ? y khong hon di? m toiDue to the complete semantics of these modifiers we do not have grammatical category relating to the meaning of degrees of comparison of Vietnamese adjectives. In short, in this chapter, we have discussed the major issues relating to the differences in the form, the word order through the syntactic function, the word order in premodification and basic degrees of comparison of English and Vietnamese adjectives. We can say the word order in Vietnamese phrases is much more complicated then that in English adjective phrases because in Vietnamese adjective phrases, more modifiers can occur both before and after the head adjective phrases.The striking difference between the English and Vietnamese adjective phrases is in the word order through the attributive and predicative functions. Moreover, Vietnamese adjectives may appear with the modifiers showing aspect-time criteria of verbs which we do not find in English. Besides, in English. we clearly distinguish parts of speech adjectives and adverbs with words denoting manner while in Vietnamese we have only one adjectives. II. 2. Some students common steals in using adjective phrases English and Vietnamese are quite different languages, so it is impossible to avoid mistake when learners use adjective phrases.The following mistakes can be the most common ones + Learners often put adjectives in the wrong order because of the influence of their mother tongue. As you know both English and Vietnamese adjectives are used to modify nouns, but English adjectives often precede the nouns they modify, whereas Vietnamese adj ectives often follow the nouns they modify. That is the argue why Vietnamese learners use adjectives incorrectly. + Vietnamese learners often confuse between adjectives which have the -ed and -ing worried/worrying, excited/exciting, etc.They do not know when they have to use -ed adjectives, when they must use -ing ones. For example a boring film or a bored film PART C CONCLUSION This study has analysed, compared the word order in English and Vietnamese adjective phrases. It has analysed the similarities and differences in the arrangement of the words in adjective phrases between two languages based on the basic grammatical structures. By examining the description and comparison of the word order in English adjective phrases with Vietnamese equivalents, this study has shown there are both similarities and differences in the two languages.The most typical similarity is in the structure premodifier + Adj + postmodifier shared by the two languages where the head of the adjective phra ses is in the centre of the phrase and slightly it there may be modifiers premodifier and postmodifier, but they are optional. The basic differences in the word order in English and Vietnamese adjective phrases are probably to cause many problems in understanding, expressing ideas and translation. So much attention should be paid to the differences in teaching adjective phrases to Vietnamese learners. -The end- REFERENCES 1. Aarts. F. & Aart,J. , (1982) English syntactic structures. Oxford Pergamon Press 2. Alexander,L. G. (1992). Longman English Grammar. EssexLongman 3. Ban, Diep Quang (1998) Ng? Phap ti? ng Vi? t. Ha N? i Nha xu? t b? n Giao d? c 4. Fisiak,J. (1981) out or keeping(p) analysis and language teacher. Oxford Oxford Pergamon Institute of English 5. M? nh, Tr? n H? u. (2000). A guide to University grammar of English. Ha N? i D? i h? c M?. 6. Quirk,R et al. (1973). A University Grammar of English. Essex Longman ADJECTIVE PHRA SE Pre-modifier(s) Adjective Postmodifier (s)

Delta Airlines

The use of unused technology, such as internet e-check in and self-service kiosks, allows the processing of a significant number of passengers to be decentralized from the airport itself. This allows a better use of airport staff resources and reduces bottlenecks while, more significantly, allowing more departing passengers to be processed. Frequent flyers and business flyers who tend to travel with little luggage and appreciate whatsoever eon-saving measures are currently leading the way in self-service check-in use.The other functions of self service kiosks are the kiosks help customers shave 5 to 15 minutes off the while they have to stand in line. Passengers can use the kiosks to check in for their pips, get boarding passes for originating or connecting flights, select or change seats, request to stand by for an upgrade, check baggage, change flights, and initiate multiparty check-ins. Delta plans to add more than 400 kiosks and enhance functionality to admit international check-in and wages collection.With this change, Delta will offer customers more than 800 kiosks in airports nationwide. Airports such as Northwest and Delta airlines are now finding that the self-service kiosk is a valuable mother fucker in the reduction of queues. But while the kiosk technology has been around for near time, it has still taken the industry a lot of coaxing to create passengers comfortable with the technology. The self service kiosk technology includes networked special-purpose microcomputer terminals * Video touch screens * inherent thermal printers * Magnetic-stripe card readerThe marchPort which is being manufactured by Kinetics USA provides the best of the available technology system for the implementation of the Self service kiosk. The system consists of * Intel P4 Processor 2. 8 GHz * 15 Touch Screen Display (Optional 17 Touch Screen Display Available) * 8 Wide-format Thermal Printer * Magnetic Dip Style Card Reader * Built-in System Support * Snap & Go Installation * Ease of Serviceability * System Reliability * The system is completely customizable and can be modified to include a large number of features as per the requirements of the buyers. more(prenominal)over, the system is easy to maintain is not very costly also. Ans2. -Delta customers will benefit from Broader reach and enhanced functionality More than 400 enhanced kiosks will be available in 80 U. S. cities by the end of 2002. Quicker transaction times Delta customers who use kiosks will sop up a boarding card in less than one minute, on average. Dedicated customer service agents Delta provides customer service agents dedicated to assisting customers with kiosk work and baggage check.Self-service check-in kiosks are just one product in an array of technology enhancements provided by Delta to make travel easier for its customers. Delta offers the industrys most extensive line of virtual check-in products available, including virtual check-in through delta. com, a toll-free telephone line, wireless Palm Powered handhelds and Web-enabled phones. Additionally, render Information Display Screens (GIDS) and Flight Information Display Screens (FIDS) are other technology products designed to save customers time, while geting them informed.Delta Air Lines, the worlds second largest carrier in terms of passengers carried and the leading U. S. airline across the Atlantic, offers 5,590 flights each day to 410 destinations in 71 countries on Delta, Delta Express, Delta Shuttle, Delta Connection carriers and Deltas ecumenical partners. Delta is a founding member of Sky Team, a global airline alliance that provides customers with extensive worldwide destinations, flights and services. Without the use of such information kiosks, the customers had to spend a lot of time waiting in the queue for checking-in the airport.Moreover, the customers who are frequent travelers and business class people who do not have much time get annoyed with such long waiting times. As a result, such a system would definitely help the travelers and a lot of customers would be delighted to use this system and it creates a lot of value for the company as well. Ans3. These fully automated information kiosks provide a very highschool business value for the airline industry which is one of the most emerging fields because of the increasing globalization. Thus a large no of people keep travelling for business purposes to various countries.These corporate people do not like spending their precious time waiting in the queue to check-in to the airport. As a result, the implementation of such self service kiosks are always of a very high value for the airline industry as it helps them getting more customers. Yes, they do give an airline company a lot of emulous advantage. When an airline company implements such an information system, by which a customer can do all the things sitting at home and has to just walk in to the airport half an hour before his flight would surely give that company a competitive advantage over the others who are not implementing.Because the customers of those airline companies have to spend a lot of time after coming to the airport when the other company lets them do everything at their convenience. Traveling for business or pleasure isnt what it used to be. In order to win and maintain brand loyalty while streamlining operations in an increasingly competitive global market, airports, air carriers and hoteliers have been challenged to transform their business processes and integrate new forms of customer-facing technology. Self-service technology has played an important role in this industry transformation.Today, travelers can manage air, hotel, train, and rental car reservations and check-in using kiosk, web or mobile applications. Increasingly, these applications support preferences ranging from dietary restrictions to airplane seating to hotel room/bed types and much more. In addition, travelers can use self- service kiosks while at an airport, hotel or off-site location, bypassing long queues. While selfservice travel kiosks have the potential to improve the traveler experience by making traveling easier, quicker and more enjoyable, some travelers may experience barriers when trying to use them.Self-service kiosks often utilize touch-screens which can be difficult if not impossible for persons to use if they are stratagem or have low vision or mobility impairments as a result of age or disability. Providers of self-service travel kiosks are increasingly concerned in removing such barriers in order to Continuously improve the traveler experience and differentiate themselves. Build brand loyalty in an increasingly competitive global market Capture market share for the growing segment of travelers with disabilities, whose annual business and leisure.

Marketing Plan of Nike Essay

The foundation has a long, rich history of international trade among nations. Most international trade dates from the prevailing age of mercantilism. However, objecting mercantilism is the vernacular idea of trade philosophies proposed by Adam smith and David Ricardo. Both of them advocated free international trade. The rule of the zero-of-sum game was the core of mercantilism. One country increased the riches must cause another one decreased from trade. Only one could be beneficial. They judgment exports could bring inflows of wealth from and imports could lead outflows of wealth to other countries.It was this thought that each country encouraged exports and restricted imports. 1? The Classical Trade Theory (1) Theory of Adam Smith Absolute Advantage Adam Smith set himself against the mercantilism. He advocated free trade and proposed the overbearing favour theory. In his theory, each country had its own advantage for producing goods which other country did not possess. It wa s this that turned on(p) countries to participate in the international trade by exerting the absolute advantage to obtain more benefits. Adam Smith made cardinal assumptions First, trade entirely existed between two countries.Second, each country produced only two products, one product must restrain absolute advantage, and the other product must have absolute disadvantage. Therefore, each country should concentrate on producing the product with absolute advantage, and then trade the absolute disadvantage product to the other country with the absolute advantage product. After trading, the disengaged, surplus resources and products of each country could be used completely reasonable. Thus, both countries can be beneficial from the trade, not just one. This pulled protrude the rule of zero-of-sum game and created the rule of n-of-sum game.Adam Smiths absolute advantage theory successfully promoted the international trade. However, this theory did not deal with the paradox that fo r both two products, one country had absolute advantages and the other country had absolute disadvantages. (2) Theory of David Ricardo Comparative Advantage Fortunately, another famous economist David Ricardo succeeded and develop Adam Smiths theory. Just like Adam Smith, David Ricardo also was an opponent of protectionism for national economies. He created his comparative advantage theory.The theory dealt with the problem that could not be dealt using Adam Smiths theory. The economic motives and causes international trade. According to Ricardos theory, even if a country has no absolute advantage in any product, the disadvantaged country can still be beneficial from specializing in and exporting the product for which it has the lowest opportunity monetary value of production. though the two theories were proposed hundreds of years, they still play important influences on international trade. Each trading country can improve productivity and the world economic is promoted.The two th eories will contribute to world prosperity in the future. 2? The Modern Trade Theory Comparative advantage based on opportunity cost forms the basis of modern trade theory. The theory shows that after comparing, when the country decides to produce its advantage product, it needs to allow up the other product that can have intercourse forth during the period. The benefit form the product it gives up is its opportunity cost. Here I take a simple example to illustrate this theory. The land for plant rice or cotton, the output of rice is 500 kilogram or 100 kilogram of cotton.If we choose to plant rice, the 100 kilogram of cotton we give up is our opportunity cost. Today, the practice of trade among nations is growing by leaps and bounds. There is hardly a person on earth who has not been influenced in whatever way by the growing trade among nations. The theories stimulate trade between developed and developing countries that avoid the autarky. International trade increases trading c ountries wealth and world output. That is because with trade, the resources are allocated rationally, job opportunity increase, products quality and variety increase and so on.

Mcdonalds Global Perspective

McDonalds Implementation of Current strategical Plan Synopsis This is a two page APA citation style essay on charge at McDonalds. There are eleven sources cited in this essay. The historical thinker whose successes allow be tally to McDonalds strategic visualize is black lovage the Great. The elements involved in organizational strategic planning will be explored. Introduction The strategic plan of McDonalds has gained worldwide success over the past cardinal years of its existence. (McDonalds, 2012).Mcdonalds is a worldwide brand which has achieved global recognition of its brand and products. McDonalds began as McDonalds Bar- B-Q Restaurant in San Bernardino, CA in 1940. Today McDonalds is a post-mortem examination global restaurant brand with 330,000 franchises. The McDonalds franchises attend to over 64,000,000 customers on a daily flat coat in over 118 countries (McDonalds, 2012)horse parsley the Great was a historical thinker who started with a small military ability of only 40,000 men and ruled over an empire which extended from the Mediterranean to China.Alexander the Great accomplished this by the application of transactional, transformational and laissez faire lead (Kilfoil, n. d Eagley et al. , 2003). Effectively Implementing a Current Strategic Plan in an make-up Both Mcdonalds and Alexander the Great have gained their successes by application of seven identificapable leadership endeavors which are components of strategic leadership. These components with regards to efficient strategy implementation are ? Researching a plan of action. ? Formulating a plan of action. Ascertaining strategic orientation including leadership roles. ? Setting equitable organizational limits. ? Efficiently administration of the organizational assets, revenues and liabilities. ? precaution of an organizational perspective. ? Promotion of organizational values and ethics (Joomla & Fourie, 2009). These are components of McDonalds organizational administration (M cDonalds, 2012). Alexander the Great also applied potent organizational management techniques (Kilfoil, n. d. ). In order to properly portion forth resources, proper information and research must be acquired.The data for these population studies may be examine by application of bar graphs, charts or scatter plots in order to strongly assess data (McCoy & Kinyua, 2012). The elements of organizational culture consists of the physical domains of its framework, semantic regional expressions, ceremonial observances, historical antecedents, belief systems, ethics and psychological models. The best manner of shaping corporate culture to fit strategy is to continuously train and get employees (McShane- Von Glinow, 2002).In exercising strategic leadership, the application of transactional , transformational and laissez faire leadership models are required for the strategic leadership of an organization (Eagly et al, 2003(. Alexander the Great realized the importance of entertaining h is military force with recreational activities *Kilfoil, n. d. ). In order to embodiment a capable organization, the organization must be able to apply leverage to the members aptitudes along with the elements of administration, structure and accountability processes and methodologies (Lewis, n. d. . Strategic implementation is the procedure of enabling the organizational management techniques. It is the heap up of the occupations and perspectives required for the effective implementation of a strategic design (Khaliq, 2011). Best practices are defined by the precise application of aptitudes, implements and strategies which can facilitate the potential of success in a wide stretch of organizational endeavors. This consists of an empirical process which is supported by organizational consensus. There are five elements to carrying out strategic roles.These elements are processes, individuals, compliance with regulatory statutes, effective administration and the efficient applicatio n of technological resources (Span, 2012). A correctly planned extrinsic motivational implementation model is enable organizational managers to provide the most(prenominal) effective tool for encouraging organizational commitment in order to carry out the organizational management objectives (Thompson, 2009). Conclusion The Mcdonalds organization and the Grecian Empire of Alexander the Great were both able to expand by considering the needs of their members along with the rganizational objectives. The employees and members enable the effective implementation of management policy. In the effective application of strategic leadership with strategy implementation, the empirical outcome has been shown to be successful (Jooste & Fourie, 2009). References Eagly, A. (2003) Transformational, Transactional, and laissez faire leadership styles a meta analysis comparing men and women. Psychol Bull 2003 Jul 128(4) 569- 91 http//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/12848221 Jooste, C. & Fourie, B. 2 009) The role of strategic leadership in effective strategy implementation Perception of South African strategic leaders. South African Business Review, 13(3) http//www. ajol. info/index. php/sabr/article/viewfile/76341/6679 Khaliq, N. (2011) Business Policy and Strategy http//www. scribd. com/doc/52995555/Business-policy-and-straegy-implemtation Kilfoil, E. (n. d) Alexander the Great http//atschool. eduweb. co. uk/sirrobhitch /ezra. html Lewis, K. (n. d. ) The Project able-bodied Organization White Paper Lewis and Fowler, LLC http//www. ewisandfowler. com/white_papers/L%26F_Proj_capable_Org. pdf McCoy, D. & Kinyua, K. (2012) Allocating Scarce Resources Strategically- An Evaluation and discussion of the Global Funds mould of Disbursements PLoS ONE May 7(5) 1- 4 Mcdonalds Food Corp. (2012) History http//www. aboutmcdonalds. com McShane, S. & Von Glinow, M. (2002) organizational Behavior, Part Four Organizational Processes McGraw Hill Companies, 2002 http//www. govrelations. cornel l. edu/govrelations/pdf/upload/organizational_behavior behavor_MCShane_Chap15_VIEW. df Span, S. (2012) Where Are We Going and How Do We Get There? Conducting Strategic Planning Tolere Solutions HR. com http//www. hr. com/en? t=/ s Thompson, A. (2009) Strategia aziendale- Formulazione ed ezecuzione McGraw Hill Companies http//www. ateneonline. it/thompson/studenti/approfondimenti/isbn6622-3_ch12. pdf Weeraretne, D. (2010) Project Management Best Practices- for continuous improvement The sunshine Times, Education http//www. sundattimes. lk/100221/Education/edu05. html

Business Communications reflection Essay

Communication rotter be seen as the most burning(prenominal) part of our life because living without communication, we can non express our wants or control the others exacts, then there is no bob upment at all. However, communication, particularly dealing, is not my strong point. That is the reason wherefore I took Business Communications course. After ten weeks studying this course, I realize that my enunciateing achievement throw away improved a conduct. Surprisingly, the remarkable improvement is not only in Vietnamese only when also in incline let looseing skill. Before studying at university environment, I used to cerebrate that there would be jobs that suitable for pile that are not good at communication the like me. Therefore, I did not work hard to improve that hindrance. I am afraid that what I suppose is stupid, then, people willing laugh at me. I am also not sense of humour, so things I match usually are not interest. If I talk too much people will get b ored and then, they will get away from me. Especially, when someone that talks a lot to me, I will definitely feel dizzy, even headache. I afraid people are the selfsame(prenominal) as me.I do not want to drive them crazy. That is why I prefer pick up people talk to speak to them. When I started learning English, I hoped that one day I could speak English as excellent as native people. However, although I can hear people speak English rattling well, I cannot speak fluently. When I course session by myself, I do not feel depressed because there is no one around me. Not creation observed by anyone else helps I talk out loud what I think inside naturally and confidently. However, when I stand firm in front of people, I cannot open my mouth, and in force(p) smile stupidly instead. I am affright of pronouncing wrongly and using incorrect delivery. If I want to govern something, I beget to spend beat on remembering vocabularies and arranging words following correct grammars. I t takes me long time, so I just say keywords. Of course, people cannot understand clearly want I want to convey. Things going that way attain me stressed. I wonder why after eight years studying English, I still cannot speak as well as 4 years old American children. However, after four semesters being at RMIT university and ten weeks taking Business Communications course, I have learned many assistive things. From comparing mingled with what active students have achieved and silent ones, I now have to state that no matter the position we are, communication is still play acrucial role and if we want to develop as well as promote, we must learn how to communicate nicely. Furthermore, in the Business Communication course, though my teacher talk a lot, the class are not bored, but are attracted. The reason is that what they verbalize is in truth useful.Therefore, I now would claim that talking too much is not always fractious other people. It is just up to the topics chosen. Not on ly the teacher but my classmates are also very professional. Although some of them are smaller than me, they communicate and present perfectly. One interesting thing I erect out is that they always smile nicely when talking. Smiling helps they look more friendly and attractive. Comparison between their speech and my speech helps me I discover the reasons that prevent me from speaking fluently, particularly English. Firstly, I am so faint or in other words, I am lack of confidence. Although many people do not believe in Horoscope, I do. In Horoscope theory, people who are Virgo always pursuit perfectionism. I am a Virgo and that is why I am usually not satisfied with what I have done. For that reason, I am so inferiority complex. The second reason is that I have not practice speaking enough. People can do one thing well only when they do it frequently. I usually stay at home and use the computer as the main way to get together other people, instead of face to face chatting. Thirdl y, when speaking English, I always bear in idea that I have to follow grammars. Each word must be in its correct order. As a result, it prevents me from speaking English naturally. The last reason is lacking of vocabulary. After discovering the reasons, I think I can improve that issue by applying the following things.I have to stop being shy all the time. I need to think optimistically intimately myself. My English pronunciation is not very bad. I also have adequate fellowship to join in any conversation of friends. Additionally, I should not view conversations in a serious perspective. No one could skill me when a say something wrongly because no one can be right all the time. Thus, I just need to speak out loud, not only think in mind. Moreover, I will smile when I talk for the purpose of increasing confidence and comforting people joining the conversation. Additionally, I will learn more vocabularies, but word by word separately. In a website I read before, it is give tongue to that the best way help us speaking English fluently is learning whole sentences. I suppose this method will help me skip time spend on arranging words to form sentences. Lastly, one of my classmates told me thatreading concurs about communication art would help me improve speaking skill. She recommended the book How to Win friends and Influence people written by Dale Carnegie.This book teaches readers how to have effective speeches. I have applied these solutions for several weeks and the result is quite surprising, at least for me. Now, with smiles and the feeling of being free to say anything, I see that my friends are more comfortable when chatting with me. I can also use English to express what I thought more clearly than before. I am very happy about that. I also read the book that my friend recommended, and I feel like Oh my gods, how shortage of knowledge I am. The book shows me lots of simple technique that I might apply immediately. In conclusion, the Business Communic ation has brought me lots of significant experience helping I improve the most important part of life communication. The solutions I discovered seem to be very helpful for me. Hence, I will pertain to uphold these useful methods. Imaging one day I can talk in front of many people confidently, naturally and effectively makes me excited and it also gives me more motivation to continue my improvement.

Food Macromolecules

Macromolecules ar a source of fuel. There ar four major types of macromolecules-proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids. This process plays primal roles in the look of a cell. (Macromolecules, 2002). The macromolecules that was present in the box food product Lipids which are fats. According to (Alters & Alters 2009, p. 49) Fats also leave alone more energy in our diets that do equivalent amounts of carbohydrates or protein. Protein was also present on the package food.Proteins transport and rovide muscle contraction. Alters & Alters 2009, p. 51) Proteins build, maintains, and replaces the tissue in our proboscis. Tissue meaning muscles, organs, and your immune system. They are also important for the movement of lungs, legs, and protecting you from disease. (Learning about proteins,2008). How more protein do we need each day? Adults should get a minimum of 0. 8 grams of protein for every kilogram of body weight per day. Increasing protein intake helps reduce the t ake chances of heart disease. (The Nutrition ascendent Protein, 2011).Carbohydrates are also present in the packaged food. Carbohydrates provide the body with fuel for physical activity and proper organ function. The best sources of carbohydrates -whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and beans- promote good health. (The Nutrition Source Carbohydrates, 2011) Lipids are also present in the packaged food. Lipids are a group of molecules that consist of fats, phospholipids, and cholesterol. This packaged food is a part of a heart healthy diet because it has carbohydrates, low saturated fats, and proteins.Carbohydrates are important for fuel, breaking these bonds and releasing energy to sustain life (Alters & Alters, 2009, p. 47). Large amounts of saturated fats may need to clogged arteries and risk of heart disease. (Alters & Alters, 2009, p. 50). The product I have chosen to use is Quaker Oatmeal. I consider carbohydrates to be the most important thing listed on the label. Knowing the a mount of carbohydrates is important because carbohydrates distort into sugar, and there is only one gram of sugar in this product.When carbohydrates turn into ugar this increases the risk of diabetes if there is to much carbohydrates in your diet. I have never been a health fanatic, but after doing this undertake I need to be a little cautious of what I am eating. I have set that reading labels helps us to eat healthier and to make the right choices our life style. I never very understood how carbohydrates work. Now I know the understanding of good and bad carbohydrates. Heart disease runs in my family. I do have a healthy heart but after doing the research for this essay I hope to continue to stay healthy.Referencehttp//www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/.carbohydrates