How Charles Dickens shows Miss Havisham change over the novel Essay

How does Dickens show the change in Miss Havisham over the course of the novel?  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Great Expectation† is about a young boy named Pip and follows him throughout his life. Pip meets Miss Havisham a lady with a broken heart who has an adopted daughter named Estella, Estella is a â€Å"pretty young girl† that pip falls in love with. A close analysis of the novel reveals Miss Havisham is not the person she is perceived to be. The bitter and vengeful Miss Havisham is one of the main characters in Dickens’ novel Great Expectations. She is central to the novel and holds the plot together. Dickens waits until Chapter 8 to introduce the character to the reader, like Pip we are scared and frightened when we meet her for the first time. â€Å"I should have cried out, if I could†. This shows that Miss Havisham intimidates Pip; and as a result, we fear for Pip; and are also uncomfortable as readers. Also, the word ‘haunting’ is associated when we think of Miss Havisham. This is because of her â€Å"ghostly† appearance, her disturbed state of mind, and the way she haunts Pip. If we are to say haunting is when someone/something has a lasting, negative effect on something, it is evidently shown that Miss Havisham is a gothic, disturbing, melancholic character. Dickens uses descriptive writing to describe Miss Havisham as a wealthy, well dressed woman â€Å"in rich materials – satins, and lace, and silk†. Dickens uses imagery of luxury and opulence to give a clear picture in the readers mind about how Miss Havisham is dressed. Dickens also uses a simile’ withered like the dress’ to show how Miss Havisham has been trapped in time and grown old and decayed along with her white wedding dress, also reflecting her mental state. Dickens presents her to be a living dead, ‘waxwork and skeleton’ as there is nothing healthy in her. She has allowed herself to get wasted and now she looks more dead than alive. Both Miss Havisham and her adopted daughter Estella, manipulate Pip for their own â€Å"sick fancys†. Miss Havisham states to Pip that her heart has been â€Å"broken† and she wants â€Å"diversion†. She also â€Å"has had enough of men and women† therefore, enclosing herself in her house. Miss Havisham was jolted at the altar by the man she thought she loved. As a result of her heartache and pain, she stopped the clocks at twenty to nine, and left the house and herself exactly the way it was on that day; â€Å"never seen the sun since you were born†. In addition, Miss Havisham uses Estella as a ploy, to seek revenge on all males. Estella is a young lady, who is very pretty. Estella is very rude and patronises Pip. She calls him by the name of â€Å"boy† which makes us feel sorry for Pip and dislike Estella. Estella known to be a â€Å"beautiful†, â€Å"self possessed†, â€Å"scornful† young lady makes Pip aware of his common working class background. He is powerfully attractive to the mysterious ways of Satis House and Estella. He accepts her cruelty as he truly loves her, he follows her taunting and harshness and wishes to become a rich gentlemen; to please Estella and to stop her name calling and for her not see him as â€Å"coarse†, â€Å"rough† boy. This is when Pip wants to higher his social class, starting the course of â€Å"Great Expectations†. Miss Havisham is the feeder to the way Pip thinks and manipulates him into thinking that she is the benefactor for him becoming a gentleman living in London. She leads him to believe this by slyly hinting that she knows more. â€Å"Mr Jaggers is your guardian I understand?† This makes pip believe that it is her that is helping him to becoming a gentleman. Although in the end we find out it is a convicted he helped when he was younger. Satis House, the reflection of Miss Havisham’s state of mind â€Å"in every crevice†; decaying. She has enclosed herself within the walls of Satis House letting no outside world in. The only way you can get in is through the front gate which is guarded at all times. The house remains to be the exact same as when she left it. The garden with trees fluctuated everywhere, grass â€Å"in every crevice†. This shows that its hasn’t been cared for, just like Miss Havisham hasn’t. The interior is also decaying. In Chapter 11, Pip goes into her room and sees a â€Å"A bride-cake. Mine!† that was â€Å"seeming to grow†. It is as if it is a part of her, a part of her past and past happiness that has gone. This makes the reader feel sorry for her, as she is truly heartbroken. Miss Havisham has been presented by Dickens as a cold, heartless character, only thinking about herself. Dickens makes us believe this by the way Estella is treated by her; the way Miss Havisham uses her to break all males’ hearts. â€Å"Love her, love her, love her!† Miss Havisham tells pip with â€Å"passionate eagerness† whatever Estella does he will â€Å"love her†. She curses him like a evil persuasive witch doing a spell. This shows that she focuses on one thing and must live up to a target; it is an unhealthy love its like obsession. Estella now can’t love; she doesn’t know how to love. Estella can’t even love her Miss Havisham. This all changes in chapters 38 and 49 Miss Havisham feels guilty for making Estella becomes a cold â€Å"heartless† person. However, when Estella rebels to her adopted mother, Miss Havisham is truly sorry for her harsh actions â€Å"what have I done?† She says this repeated several times, truly sorry. As she has no idea what she has done wrong. Miss Havisham can’t die without knowing she is forgiven. Dickens has shown he unmarried contradictory character Miss Havisham, has gone through many changes throughout the novel. Although â€Å"Great Expectation† is a novel about Pips life, it includes â€Å"Terror†, â€Å"love†, drama, and excitement; these factors of the novel are part of how Miss Havisham has changed.Towards the end of the novel in chapter 49 Dickens use of ominous language prepares the reader the Miss Havisham’s death. â€Å"Funeral music†, â€Å"the cathedral chimes† All these quotes prepare the reader for something to go wrong, like a death is going to occur. Dickens also explains when he walks pasted the â€Å"priory garden, seemed to call to me that the place was changed† this shows the future will change by a death. Miss Havisham’s death made a big difference to the novel. In chapter 49 Miss Havisham dies after server burns from an accidental fire. Her death is very painful. â€Å"She was shrieking, with a whirl of fire blazing all about her†, this death in some ways seems to release her from all her hurt and pain. The fire is symbolic; pip â€Å"dragged the heap of rottenness in the midst, and all the ugly things that sheltered there†. This shows it dragged all the decay and the living death away. The fire ended it all.   In conclusion to this Miss Havisham has changed from an evil witch who only thinks about herself to a woman who feels guilty for all the things she has done.

Freud and the Flies Essay

In the years preceding 1939, Sigmund Freud, who is considered the â€Å"father of psychoanalysis† (Morgan 2), prepared a summarized version of his theories of psychoanalysis in An Outline of Psychoanalysis. Freud’s theory breaks the psyche (mental life) of an individual into three portions: the id, the ego, and the superego, each with its own distinct function (Freud 13). In William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, the main characters have distinct personalities that clash with each other, much like the id and the superego. With some thought and interpretation, these characters can be applied to Freud’s theories. The id is the oldest of the sections involved in psychoanalysis (Freud 14). It relies upon instincts to make decisions, and everything in the id is genetically inherited at birth (Freud 14). Golding’s Jack in Lord of the Flies is most representative of the id, as he primarily relies upon hunting as a means of gathering food, and bands his followers together in a tribe which utilizes little communication and acts primarily upon impulse. â€Å"He [Jack] tried to convey the compulsion to track down and kill that was swallowing him up (Golding 51).† Jack posses all the characteristics of the id: he is violent, he resorts to primordial instincts in many cases, and he fails to utilize language effectively to voice his concerns and opinions. Read more: What does simon represent in lord of the flies essay The ego is the intermediary between the id, and the superego. The id’s primary function is to create a balance between the two extremes, with that balance being the most favorable for both pleasure and survival. â€Å"†¦in relation to the id†¦[the ego decides] whether they are allowed satisfaction, by postponing that satisfaction to times and circumstances favorable in the external world or by suppressing their excitations entirely (Freud 14-15).† Ralph most definitely represents the ego, especially with his regulation of the fire, allowing the boys to play (allowing satisfaction) when appropriate, but also to man the fire when it is necessary to do so. Ralph makes decisions that balance out the needs of all the boys: both the need for pleasure and the need to survive, fulfilling the role of the ego in the boys’ contained society. The superego is the third and final division of the mind of psychoanalysis.  The superego is based upon experiences learned from adults and other authoritative figures while one is growing up (Freud 15). These include doing â€Å"what is right,† â€Å"what is supposed to be done,† and, of course, following the rules. While there are no adults on the island, adults in general represent civil and orderly society. Piggy, hindered by his disabilities, clings on to whatever remains of civil society throughout the duration of the novel. He is clearly disadvantaged when compared to the other boys – he cannot participate in strenuous physical activity due to his asthma, he is overweight and moves slowly, and without his glasses he is effectively blind. Due to this Piggy can be successful only when the other boys obey the conventional rules of civilized society. Piggy loves the conch and the order it represents – he is almost the adult of the island, coming up with ideas to build huts, make fires, gather food, count boys, and explore the island, in order to insure peace and safety. When either the id (Jack) or the ego (Piggy) comes up with an idea (for example, say Piggy decides that the construction of huts is necessary) it is presented to the ego (Ralph). The ego weighs the idea against the instinctual demands of the id, and then determines whether or not the idea should proceed. â€Å"The stage is set for a conflict between the various elements of the psychical apparatus and reality, a conflict that, if not managed properly, gives rise to neuroses and ultimately psychosis. (Morgan 5)† However, if one or both forces put too much demand on the ego, it will cease to function properly, allowing the id to take control and the mind to descend into neurosis. Such was the case when Jack split from the group to form his own tribe. Ralph – the ego – lost control of the id – its strength was too much for him to bear and it took control of a good portion of the other boys. The superego, however, remained intact for a short while, until it too perished (in Piggy’s death). With the demise of the superego, the entire mind collapsed and society ceased to function altogether. Golding makes specific note of this with his vivid imagery: â€Å"†¦his head opened and stuff came out and turned red.† His splattered cranium represents the triumph of the id on the island. After Piggy is killed, the boys are akin to animals; they are no longer governed by rational thought or moral standards. They burn the island in an attempt to kill Ralph, failing to realize that  without rescue they themselves would die of starvation on barren, ashen ground.

Zaras E-Tailing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Zaras E-Tailing Plan - Essay Example The evidence is that the five initial target markets are a good choice for Zara, except for Poland, which is a newly opened economy where market barriers and regulations are still perceived to be high and Internet usage still in its infancy stage. In the other four target markets, Internet use is matured and well developed, but another problem may present itself in the form of stiffer competition. As a result, web development, operation and maintenance costs are expected to be costly. There is also the possible risk that the online operation would not yield the desired results. For these reasons, the report provides a road map for Zara in overcoming the challenges to its successful entry into e-tailing. This market is the logical site of the first Zara e-tailing site because it is the company's home base where its facilities and resources are concentrated. For this reason, no problem is expected in so far as supply chain management, speedy communication and transport of products are concerned. Spain has over 52 million people, its per capita income is high by EU standards, and the Internet is increasingly used for acquiring goods and services. The Basque rebellion seems to be under control.2. France Paris is the world's fashion capital, which makes France an even better site for Zara's initial online stores. Internet usage is highly advanced among France's over 70 million people. However, the world's most renowned fashion companies

Administrators role as a supervisor and motivator Essay - 1

Administrators role as a supervisor and motivator - Essay Example We are now in the midst of the greatest period of change in school administration since its origin in American education. Through the energizing role of the Cooperative Program in Educational Administration, the whole profession has undergone the most penetrating examination and revision of practice. The underlying concepts of the functions and process of administration have also been critically examined. As a result, school administration now is quite different from what it was ten years ago. In all probability, it will be much, much different fifty years from now. It is our purpose, of this paper, to discuss school administration in relation to the findings of this critical examination and revised practice. The approach will not be very familiar to those who are acquainted with the traditional texts on the subject. It is, however, the normal outgrowth of some of the newer books that have put increasing emphasis on the process and the personnel aspects of administration. This emphasis accomplishes a dual service: (1) it presents the changing and improved practices in the field, and (2) it gives impetus to the swing toward the newer concepts of administration. The concept of school administration, particularly of the role of the chief school administrator, advanced by Davies, deals with three components: the administrators job, the man he is, and the social setting in which he functions. Defined very briefly, the job includes the administrators tasks and responsibilities, which vary in importance and emphasis as time passes, and encompasses all that is relevant to the administration of todays schools. The man brings to the job certain capacities of body, mind, emotion, and spirit. He has beliefs, values, expectations, behavior patterns, energy reserves, and skills. While the job shapes him, he also shapes the job. The social setting encompasses the pressures and compulsions of society.

How Does Social Media Influence Companies Research Paper

How Does Social Media Influence Companies - Research Paper Example The emergence and ascendancy of social media have been awe-inspiring. Social media has become a very powerful communication tool and has revolutionized the way in which people interact and connect with each other. The use of social media is not restricted to individuals alone. Companies have recognized the importance of this media and have jumped onto the bandwagon. It is hard to find a company competing in the present day cut-throat environment and not deploying social media in its communication strategy. Social media is currently being used by companies to advertise their products, communicate internally, engage customers, listen to them and capitalize by generating a positive word-of-mouth.  The advertisement spends on social media are expected to continue their northward trend. Globally, companies are expected to spend $23.6 billion on social media advertising this year. By 2017, this expenditure is expected to soar to $35.98 billion. Estimates also reveal that by 2017, adverti sement on social media will represent 16 percent of the total advertisement expenditure incurred by companies on different types of digital media (Cohen, 2015). The data clearly establishes that social media has attracted a considerable amount of advertisement expenditure which was earlier incurred by companies on traditional media like television, print, and radio.   While there are various social networking sites, Facebook has emerged as the biggest beneficiary when it comes to advertising on social media.

Informal writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Informal writing - Essay Example As a result of these claims, a basic human right has been violated and the freedom of smokers revoked. This is total injustice to smokers and those against smoking should show the much deserved respect for the greatest human addiction. There are rising cases of obesity in the United States due to consumption of foods with high calories levels such as chocolate cakes. However, rather than taking a stand against the sale of such foods in restaurants, policy makers are focused on banning smoking in public places forgetting that cigarettes have much lower calorie levels. Is this not direct oppression and violation of a basic human right? Did we not fight for freedom during the fight for independence? Research shows that smoking affects people around a smoking person through inhalation of the cigarette emissions. As such, smoking in public is deemed to be a violation of other people’s rights due to endangerment of their health. However, the effects of smoking on secondary users are seemingly inevitable due to uncontrollability of smoke. As such, instead of banning smoking publicly, perhaps, scientists should focus on making inventions that prevent the harmful chemical emissions of cigarettes from reaching people around. As if enough damage has not already been done, policy makers have now forged on to attack tobacco producers. For example, â€Å"in 2006, U.S. District Judge Gladys Kessler ordered the nation’s largest cigarette makers to publicly admit that they had lied for decades about the dangers of smoking† (Yost, 2015, para. 1). In some countries cigarette packs have messages showing the health implications of smoking such as causing cancer, risking pregnancy, causing infertility, and affecting the respiratory system among others. These high levels of attacking cigarettes are risking human happiness even more. Although

ITM501 MoD 3 Case the internet as social media Essay

ITM501 MoD 3 Case the internet as social media - Essay Example Social network is a very useful tool for advertisement in our era. Social media is a virtual network where people can view, create and share different information. For marketers, social media is the most convenient way to reach maximum number of customers at the same time. As people can share their ideas and opinions via social media, the company has an opportunity to get feedback from social media. Social media is different from other traditional media in terms of reach, frequency, performance, immediacy. With the change in lifestyle, social media has gained popularity among individuals, especially among the young, as it is very fast. In our case it will be discussed how far social media is able to provide business with new information. Impact on information availability to business: use of social media The case of Dave Carroll and the incident with his musical instrument, a guitar, during his flight from Toronto to Nebraska with the United Airline brings to our attention the effect iveness of social media in providing useful and new information related to the business houses. The United Airlines, being a Fortune 25 company, did not take heed of the concerns of the young musician, Dave Carroll. The United Airlines ignored his claim that his guitar was damaged and devalued by the United Airlines personnel during the journey as a result of mishandling of his guitar and baggage. In order to make his point and gain support against the airline giant, the slender musician used the social media on the Internet to make a viral response with the support of billions in the community (Al-Deen &   Hendricks, 2011). The social media on the Internet uses its unique features of connectivity as well as immediacy to reach out to millions of members in the community very easily through videos, public messages, etc. Social media has a rippling effect in terms of spreading the message across the communities and making new and useful information available to the companies (Sigala ,  Christou, &  Gretzel, 2012). In this case, the preparation of the video by the musician, which cost hardly $200 helped him to send the message of his dissatisfaction with the customer service provided by the United Airlines (Harvard Business School, 2010). The information spread like a virus, and it easily reached the top of the management of the United Airlines. This information is of extremely high value to the United Airlines as it is publicly available and, along with it, the image and goodwill of the company is affected. Thus the availability of the information in social media creates an impression in the minds of the customers and impacts the interest levels of the consumers to access the services of the company (Kerpen, 2011). In this case, the availability of the information from Dave Carroll and the entire description of the event of breaking of his guitar were displayed by the musician on YouTube. This information reached very easily the management, and this helped the top management to limit the risk of loss of goodwill and the loss of revenues due to reduction in the customer base. There are, however, various other alternatives where the information on the operations, customer service and customer grievance is readily available to the business. This helps the companies to assess the value of brand image in the market and the acceptability of its services

Globalization in the middle east Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Globalization in the middle east - Essay Example In recent times, participation in globalization has been a great contributing factor in obtaining stable economic growth in the Middle East. Globalization and its importance in economic development have had a great effect both on the stability of the region and the global financial system. The Middle East region should find a way to use globalization to their benefit. In order for the region to gain integration into the global economy, it is imperative to understand globalization and its impact on Middle East (Schaeffer 67). Thus, it is important to determine the impact of globalization and the perception from the Middle East region. Globalization refers to the spread of customs, attitudes, ideas that started off in a definite part of the world. The issue of globalization is seen to have originated from the Western countries. The Middle East has sound reasons as to why they did not embrace globalization. It is easy to equate globalization with westernization. Regions such as Africa, Europe and South America were to a lesser extent more open to westernization and globalization. They had the notion that they were already western components. The Middle East countries did not want any association to the West so this led to a delay in them embracing globalization. Globalization was related to what was previously termed as modernization. This was a set of beliefs that challenged the traditional norms. Therefore, globalization was perceived as a major threat to tradition and this was valued most by the Middle East region. Globalization is regarded as an inevitable force that changes the face of the world. The world is seen to be a small village where everybody learns to live and interact with each other. Since the conception of globalization, distance and time concepts have changed. Globalization is a trend; this can be perceived as an opportunity and also a threat. Most regimes in Middle East region did not welcome globalization very well. A major contributor was the lack of fundamental change and stability in the region (Schaeffer 109). There has been a long list of problems that been encountered by the Middle East religion, they face political, economical, social and military problems. Almost all the states in the Middle East started to rebuild in the last century. The region has been faced with years of disputes as nobody seems to accept their boundaries. There is a low intensity conflict that seems to be constant in this region. The state system in the Middle East region was based on the ground of the low intensity conflict so they had no hegemonic power. This led to an intervention of outside powers to come and resolve this conflict In order to safeguard the region’s stability. With reference to globalization, the United States in the leading in globalization whereas the Middle East is regarded one of the least globalized regions. The challenge to facilitate globalization is evident at the state level in the Middle East. This seems to be a critical issue with regard to the rest of the world. Probably there is no area in the world that has embraced globalization less than the Middle East. This is due to the fact that the opposition movements, majority of regimes and the intellectuals in the region have all been anti –globalization. It is a well known fact that the Middle East have always resorted to violence in their anti–globalization struggle. Most countries in this region have readily accepted the principle of

Microbiology tecniques Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Microbiology tecniques - Research Paper Example Through this technique, the many instances of typhoid related deaths can be effectively minimized if not fully extinguished. Also, it can be projected that this method, being cheap, will minimize instances of mis- diagnosis and wrong drug use, a prospect that has often led to many deaths in Sub- Saharan Africa. For quite a long time, typhoid fever has been a great problem in the developing states of Africa, Asia and Latin America. Notably though, the number of deaths related to typhoid are minimal in developed states. According to reports by the CDC, typhoid fever has so far led to over 200,000 fatalities, with over two million people having been infected with the bacterium. Critical reviews have shown that the prevalence of Salmonella typhi is common in congested localities where there are instances of poor hygiene and sanitation. Therefore, there is need to develop ideal strategies to detect the bacterium in the blood of the victims, and to consequently mount quick response to prevent progression of the infection to full- blown states. The other problem experienced within these localities is the presence of the carriers for the Salmonella bacteria. Such cases of carriers allow the bacterial populations to exponentially multiply. Thereafter, the bacteria can be easily passed over to new p opulations thus further spreading the infection. Therefore, it is necessary to create proper strategies to manage the spread of the infection through critical analysis of the population of Salmonella typhi in people, especially careers to alleviate further spread of the disease. This study is aimed at developing ideal strategies to detect populations of Salmonella typhi in populations. Through such detection of host bacterial counts, it is possible to develop proper strategies to prevent further spread of the bacteria to other people. This, consequently, helps to curb the spread of the typhoid fever to new hosts and hence significantly helps to reduce

The culture and management Essay Example for Free

The culture and management Essay Sifangs recruitment of the length of time is fairly flexible from the three months minimum period to the 15 months maximum. From the previous experience, Sifang usually prepares three months necessary to advertise and fill a vacancy if no difficulties were encountered because there was nothing specific to contribute the timescale being longer. There are three stages of the recruitment process that influenced the timescales: creating and defining the position, advertising, and security checks. Recruitment success ratio in Sifang is very high because of the excellent HR department. The main reason is that the Sifangs recruitment advertisements only appear on the power system automatic protection field. The advertisements try to attract candidates who work in this field and fit the companys person specification. Another important reason is the HR department have a carefully selection process such as shortlist, interview, and probation which can reduce the failure rate. The culture and management style of Sifang  Organisational culture is a system of knowledge and standards for believing, evaluating and understanding etc that serve to environmental backgrounds (Allaire and Firsirotu 1984), which will help with the decision making and determine how the business is run. The organisations culture is very much concerned with the way in which people in the organisation interact with each other, and the typical patterns of interactions that have developed over time. Sifangs organisational culture focuses on honesty, responsibility and professional skills. Meanwhile, Sifang provides a broad stage for personal development. They always keeps in mind that qualified employees, endless self-challenging and management renovation construct the only bridge to success for a high- tech enterprise.  From the above description it can be seen that the main organisational culture in Sifang is task culture. Task culture focuses on full fulfilling the needs of the organisation and its problems by working in groups. Expertise creativity and flexibility is therefore important. This culture encourages the staffs to take more responsibility and power. Teams will have input when determining how a job will be done and their views and opinions will be listened to. For managers to be effective, they need to develop a style of management which suits the culture of the organisation. There are many different styles of management and four main styles are recognised as being effective if used at the right time and under the right conditions which are autocratic management, consultative management, democratic management, and laissez-faire management. The management style is mainly used in Sifang is consultative. The managers of the company tend to seek other employees within the company for advice before making decisions. This type of managers tends to aim to draw on more sources of opinion than just him/herself. The consultative managers will have good listening and also the capability to create the right communication channels to allow him/her to consult with other employees easily. For instance, as part of the consultative management style, Sifang uses suggestion boxes, which makes it easier for employees with new ideas to express their ideas without feeling intimidated. Managers also established an award to encourage staffs who have better suggestions and ideas. These methods bring many advantages to the company. On the other hand, sometimes the Sifangs head office takes the autocratic management style. It trend to give instructions to set the objectives and targets to staffs rather than asking them for their opinions in some situations. The company takes external recruitment because the top managers believe that the company hardly recruit candidates inside business because it will cause another vacancy will be created which might have to be filled. In the case, the head office/manager is the only one contributing to the decision-making process. The recruitment process is a part of the total organisational strategy plan for business growth. The managers of Sifang believe that market competition ultimately is enterprise talent competition. Therefore, they have attached most importance to recruit talent from its founding. Sifangs organisational culture can impact the process by taking prudent steps. The company only advertises its recruitment on the power system automatic protection field because the culture focuses on professional skills. The honesty, responsibility features can build a good reputation to candidates to make an earlier contribution to the hiring organisation. Overall, the recruitment process in Sifang has become a model of the values and methods to develop the organisation to run in an optimally human way. The recruitment of staff is a mixture of both consultative and autocratic management styles in Sifang. On the one hand, through consultative management, managers can always understand what the companys need on the recruitment. On the other hand, the head office autocratically set how much can be spent on the staffs. In the process, the final decisions are only made by managers under the autocratic management. When candidates are in the probation, the HR department only considers the feedback which comes from their managers and ignores the opinions of the candidates colleagues. Compare with the other companys recruitment in the same industry, Dongfang Electronics Information Industry Group Co., Ltd (Dongfang), which is a competitor of Sifang. There are some differences because of the different management styles. Sifang has never recruit staffs from internal environment because of the autocratic management style. On the contrary, Dongfang has approached democratic management style and the company takes a mixture of both internal and external recruitment after group discussion. Conclusion The report described and appraise the recruitment process of Beijing Sifang Automation Co., Ltd (Sifang) through analysisd its strengths, weakness, timescales, and success ratio. The companys culture, management style and how these impact in the recruitment process have also be introduced. As I come to a conclusion, I may reiterate the importance of a recruitment process to a business. Without it, corporations and organisations will run the risk of having unskilled employees and having a low profit margin. To hire people effectively, the HR department must think about the company needs over a longer period rather than simply getting next weeks job done. And also, the companys organisational culture and management styles can impact the recruitment process in both positive and negative way. References Barber, A.E. (1998) Recruiting employees: Individual and Organizational Perspectives. Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications  Barclay, J. (1999) Employee Selection: A question of Structure,  Beardwell, L. Holden, L. (2001) Human Resource management: a contemporary approach. Third Edition, London, FT Prentice Hill  Brown, A. (1995) Organisational Culture. London, Pitman Publishing.

Managing Operations Apple Inc Commerce Essay

Managing Operations Apple Inc Commerce Essay Apple Inc is a large multinational in the consumer electronic business that builds on its ability to innovate and use its strong flexibility in product development speed to create competitive capability in the market. Fortune named Apple as the most admired company in the world. However, Apple did not figure in the top ten companies on use of assets, social responsibility, and global competitiveness in this survey. This study explores the reasons for this insofar as they lie in management of operations in the company. A survey of literature reveals that there are few agreements on what constitutes lean or agile manufacturing and disagreement on the correct choice of operations management strategy. We examine whatever one can find in reports, literature, and the companys own publications and compare these to the gleanings from theory to arrive at some recommendations for Apple to consider for operations management strategy. Globalisation has increased complexity of supply chains that need to span several countries with diverse cultures, laws and regulations, and time zones. However, with increasing pressure on the need to conserve non-renewable sources of energy and to mitigate the impact of operations on the environment, globalisation is a process likely to reverse in the not so far future. Apple must prepare for this through innovative strategies in organisation and distribution. We recommend a strategy that simultaneously looks at lean when addressing use of resources and agile manufacturing in addressing customer needs, to meet competition on both, cost and product differentiation, fronts. In looking at lean manufacturing, we strongly recommend moderation in implementation to preserve flexibility and agility. Operations Management Apple Inc Contents Operations Management Apple Inc 1.0 Introduction Apple Inc is a large multinational in the consumer electronic business. The comment of James Collins, editor-in-chief of the T3 Consumer Gadgets Magazine, talking about the iPod exemplifies the image and sheer volume of market penetration achieved by the company; Collins says: Its cool across the board: everyone from my seven-year-old niece to my 60-year-old uncle has one. Norbert Reithofer, CEO of BMW adds to the image in his comment (in Bernasek, 2010): Apples customers are more than customers theyre fans. The whole world held its breath before the iPad was announced. Thats brand management at its very best. Apple builds on its ability to innovate and use its strong flexibility in product development speed to create capability in the market. Consider the fact that Apple introduced 7 different versions of its iPod within four and a half years of launch (Levy, 2006). Despite not being the first-to-market, it has used this capability to leverage its expertise in the iPod, iPhone, iTunes, iWorks suite of products and command a premium on all its products (Boddie, 2005). However, on the critical issues of use of assets, social responsibility, and global competitiveness it does not score favourably (money.cnn.com). As long as Apples products command a premium, and as long as it can continue introducing innovative new products this does not appear a serious concern. However, it is the contention of this report that despite these factors, Apple stands to gain tremendously by using modern operations management concepts such as Lean Manufacturing (which we alter to Lean And Green), Supply Chain Ma nagement, Quality Management etc. In this report, we look at these concepts in some detail to demonstrate how they can help Apple meet its commitments to its stakeholders and meet the need for Corporate Social Responsibility. 2.0 Background Apple Inc. (Apple) is a multinational consumer electronic corporation headquartered in Cupertino, California in America established in 1977. The company designs, manufactures, and sells hardware and software products for computers, entertainment, and portable music systems. Some of its best-known products include the iPod, the iPhone, its desktop and the MacBook Air line of laptops. Vital backup through software for computers and its iTunes virtual music store form important parts of its operations (google.com). Since its inception, the company did moderately well as a number of CEOs changed between 1977 and 1997 when Steve Jobs, the founder of the company, returned to take charge of the company. Steve has remained the CEO since then, except for short periods in 2004 and 2009 when Tim Cook charge during his absence on medical grounds. Since 1997, the company has grown phenomenally and presently employs 35,000 personnel and recorded revenue of $42.91 billion for the year ended September 26, 2009 (finance.yahoo.com). Young and Simon (2005) call Steves return and the growth of Apple following his return the greatest second act in the history of business in the subtitle of their book. Its stock prices dropped to a low of $82.33 on January 12, 2009 from the previous high of $193.91 on December 17, 2007 mostly in response to the economic turndown that affected all companies. Since then, the stock has risen steadily and traded at $226.60 on March 8, 2010 (ibid). Apple has established a unique image for itself through its characteristic advertising and the design of its products. The Fortune magazine named Apple the most admired company in the world in 2009 (Colvin, 2009). Again, in 2010, Fortune named Apple as the most admired company in the world (money.cnn.com [b]), based on a survey among industry leaders using nine criteria. Importantly, from the viewpoint of this report, Apple did not figure in the top ten companies on counts of: Use of Assets, Social Responsibility, Financial Soundness, Long Term Investment, and Global Competitiveness It rated No.1 and No. 4 on Innovation and Product quality respectively. The same report records that Apple have so far sold 250 million iPods, 43 million iPhones, and 32 million iPod Touch, and introduced the game changing iPad portable computer. In 2006, the Mail on Sunday carried a report that alleged Apples contract manufacturers in China, Foxcom and Inventec, were using sweatshop conditions for the production of the iPod (mailonsunday.com); The Washington Post followed washingtonpost.com [a]). Apple took immediate action to investigate and correct the situation (washingtonpost.com [b]). 3.0 Theories of Operations Management In the emerging scenario for manufacturing enterprises, three trends evident are the deployment of technology and effort towards lean and green manufacturing, quality management (TQM) and the impact of globalisation on the thought processes of business. In the following passages, we draw on existing research to discuss the points of convergence and the conflicts between different approaches to operations management. 3.1 TQM and Lean Pettersen (2009) says that it is very difficult to find a definition of lean despite this being a popular management concept. Some authors have attempted to define the concept while others have questioned whether it is indeed possible to understand the meaning of lean management through a narrow and restrictive definition (ibid). This researcher (Pettersen, 2009) carried out detailed investigation of lean and its closest relative TQM that threw up a number of observations that help us understand the concept of lean and TQM. The most important observation is that the two groups [,] human relations management and supply chain management are not definable characteristics of lean they are important (although not vital) parts of the lean concept (ibid: 132). On the other hand, TQM sees employees as components in the production process that cannot be trusted to produce good quality and focuses on removing possibilities of human error from the system. In addition, this author finds diverge nce in the general opinion that lean implies waste reduction, and says that lean aims at two different types of goals; those that are internally focussed, and those that look outward. While internally focused initiatives may look at cost reduction the externally focused may seek a goal of higher customer satisfaction. In addition, Pettersen (2009) finds divergence in the opinion that lean is a set of practical waste-reduction tools compared to others who believe lean is a philosophical approach to operations management. In his discussion of the similarities and differences between lean and TQM Pettersen (2009) points out that in lean quality is a secondary consideration and decreasing cost through waste reduction is an important concept to lean with some research saying that waste reduction adds to customer value. Waste reduction is a significant aspect of TQM, but under the banner of poor-quality-costs (ibid: 134). Perspectives of the two systems also differ. TQM focuses on the int ernal structure of the organisation while lean sees the need to address the entire supply chain where the internal organisation is one part of a value-creating stream. Another major point of departure between TQM and lean is that TQM strongly emphasises investigation of customer requirements while lean does not emphasise this as strongly. However, there appears to be convergence in literature that lean manufacturing implies a constant focus on reducing waste of all types, i.e. waste of materials, time, equipment, space, inventories, and human effort across the entire supply chain (Corbett Klassen, 2006). This focus leads to management of operations in such a way that helps improve quality, reduce costs, and improved service to customers located all over the globe. Pettersen (2009) also points to the many similarities in the two systems of TQM and lean. Both see quality as the responsibility of senior management and focus on removing the human factor to reduce errors. This requires management to concentrate on analysing and improving processes and training people to achieve better quality and cost reduction. Both also focus on continuous improvement through learning with a small difference, TQM looks to stimulate creativity and learning for the individual and quality a result of individual efforts while lean emphasises standardisation of work and collective learning. Both TQM and lean see the importance of supplier and internal worker team participation through long-term partnerships. 3.2 Globalisation, Green and Supply Chain Management Globalisation, provided impetus by the information technology revolution and the lowering of trade and other barriers by nation states, has witnessed increased and free movement of capital and labour across national boundaries. For manufacturing operations, this has meant offshoring of production, inventories, and suppliers as firms look to find customers across the world and to benefit from the differences in economies, infrastructures, and the regulatory mechanisms that exist in different countries and regions (Manuj Mentzer, 2008). These authors state that firms have restructured their supply chains to operate on a global basis to take advantage of the international product, factor, and capital markets (Manuj Mentzer, 2008: 133). Therefore, we can see globalisation as a strong influence on revenue generation by enabling entry into new markets and finding vendors who can supply goods of the same quality at cheaper prices and improved logistics for existing markets. Continuing tre nds since the last few years have seen companies shift their entire manufacturing lines to regions that offer competitive facilities to reduce manufacturing costs. These processes come with some serious downsides also as evident from the complexity of management of a supply chain that extends across several countries that have different laws and regulations, time zones, and cultures. In their drive to outsource production many companies, including Apple, find themselves accused of adopting work and labour practices completely unacceptable to western sensibilities but which are okay in those countries. In this last statement, we hasten to add, there is a fallacy in that it is not the acceptability of sweatshops in the host countries of the subsidiaries but more a question of poor monitoring and governance. An added dimension is the increasing stakeholder pressure to ensure sustainability of operations through restraints on the use of non-renewable natural resources, and controlling pollution and emissions that lead to climate change (Sarkis, 2001; Kovacs, 2008). This pressure to go green requires firms to work with their suppliers and customers to change production processes and promote recycling. Within the organisation, firm now need to analyse their operations and processes, and assume extended stewardship through the entire life cycle of their products to diminish impact on the natural environment through changes that reflect a positive attitude toward corporate social responsibility (Corbett Klassen, 2006). The difficulty remains on how to measure the environmental impact of the operations of a firm as no metrics, except for the ISO 14000 standard. This standard sets out the procedures for identifying environmental aspects of site operations, safe handling and disposal procedures for hazardous materials and waste, and compliance with relevant environmental legislation (Corbett Kirsch, 2001), but does little to provide a metric for measuring the environmental footprint of a multinational and multi-location firm. Where companies deploy outsourcing as a strategy they may face resistance from suppliers reluctant to adopt green practices as they see these as time consuming and expensive (Larson Greenwood, 2004) and requiring high upfront investment for changing manufacturing technologies on which the return on investment is low (Rothenberg et al, 2001). In implementing greener manufacturing firms need to look beyond mere cost efficiencies because such initiatives deliver benefits difficult to quantify into money earned, but are substantial nevertheless (Larson Greenwood, 2004). Friedman (2008) points to the example of Wal-Mart who found that their lean and green initiatives improved financial performance and earned them respect from customers. This respect translates to customer preference to buy from environmentally responsible firms and pay a price premium, which can finally influence the bottom line positively. However, having considered that going green holds a number of potential benefits for the firm; it is understandable that global suppliers, not into retailing, may not find these as plausible reasons to make investments for converting to a greener manufacturing technology. Gattiker et al (2008: 28) say that [. . .] it is difficult to ask suppliers to engage in environmental practices when the buying organization lacks (or is perceived to lack) environmental commitment and concrete practices. Thus, buyers may need to get their own house in order before requiring the same of suppliers, or vice versa. In the considerations that we have discussed above, one can see numerous conflicts that may arise. For example, lean manufacturing requires movement of materials within the supply chain based on demand. Earlier concepts of safety stocks, bulk purchases to avail discounts, and inventory holding have become passà © as firms focus on Just-in-time (JIT) inventory management. However, this requires purchase, production, packaging, and transport of ever reducing batches of materials that can adversely affect the green approach. Christopher and Lee (2004) discuss this conflict at length to conclude that, in the context of global supply chains, lean manufacturing results in longer lead times and more inventories that contradicts lean management principles. In this, they extend the findings of an earlier research by Levy (1995) that concluded that globalisation of the supply chain results in higher levels of pollution because of the longer transport routes and smaller batches. Rothenberg et al. (2001), in their investigation of the automobile industry, also point to the fact that implementation of lean processes, waste reduction measures do not add to environmental performance or pollution reduction, and that the relation is negative. This contradiction requires the firm to rethink its approach to overcome the negatives of JIT operations and find innovative solutions that may involve re-useable packaging and reduced container sizes and product mix to decrease package volume. It is difficult to identify such strategies for global supply chains. 4.0 Operations Management Theories and Apple Inc How Apple manages its global supply chains is not readily discernible from company literature and research documents. The only mention found is on page 16 of the Industrial Engineer magazine that quotes Mike Janes talking of Tim Cook the fill-in chief executive of Apple in the absence of Steve Jobs away on medical leave. Mike says, Supply chain management, which seems so incredibly unsexy, is very sexy when you look at your bank account and you have managed the product transitions perfectly. Thats the thing that Tim is absolutely a master at. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Tim is an amazing, brilliant mind when it comes to operational excellence and is really a master of execution Tim Cook is right at the top of the list. Apple enjoys a unique position in the market in that it does not look to measure and investigate customer requirements but looks to create customer needs by offering innovative and feature-rich products, which at first sight the customer do not require but soon become a need through use of the product. Another issue that most research in the area of operations management seen in the light of globalisation and environmental pressures misses is the need to think local while going global. The reducing quantities of available natural resources, especially oil, and the disagreement on use of nuclear energy, the only viable alternative and increasing pressure on issues related to climate change require companies to rethink their strategies. Apple, in its manufacturing processes emitted 3.87 million tonnes of greenhouse gases in 2010, added to this is the 5.40 million tonnes that the use of their products by their customers added to the burden. These together represent 91% of the total emissions of pollutants for which Apple is responsible (apple.com[a]). While Apple, in various statements on its website, says that they are taking proactive action on these issues and are industry leaders in this respect, we believe Apple has to keep an eye on the future and use its strengths of innovation and agile management to initiate action that will help it and the industry. Steve Jobs says that Apple is far ahead of competitors in these areas and by 2010 Apple will be recycling about 28% of its product in America compared to Dell or HP who achieve about 10%. A reason behind this, Steve explains, is the use of high quality materials that recyclers look for (apple.com[b]). Apple has taken a number of actions on its own and in compliance with government regulations to mitigate its impact on the environment. Some of the salient actions are the phasing out of lead batteries in 1991, stoppage of use of CFCs in manufacturing, and implementation of the ISO 14000 quality standards in 1996 (apple.com[e]). In 2000, all its manufacturing sites were ISO 14001 certified (calrecycle.ca.gov). 5.0 Conclusions and Recommendations Morrison (2010) uses an analysis of the success factors at Apple to recommend a set of four mantras that other companies could emulate. The first is that one needs to avoid following the herd, a strategy Apple adopted in avoiding the building of a miniature laptop and instead came out with the ultra-thin Air, a product in line with the Apple image. Next, he says is that a company should not back out from fights it can win, a strategy Apple displayed when it pulled NBCs television programs from the iTunes Store in 2007. NBC backed off within days and now other media companies hesitate to face Apple on pricing. Third, says Morrison is to flatten hierarchies within the organisation, as deep vertical structures tend to dither when it is time to act. Finally, and most relevantly to the context to quality management, Apple has never looked at market research or to emulate its competitors but goes by its own feel to create products like the iPod and the iPhone, which create their own market . While several companies have adopted some of these strategies, none of them has used all four together. The result is the spate of innovative products that make Apple the most valued company in the world. Morrison says Apples culture has codified a habit that is especially valuable for firms that make physical things: Stop, step back from your product, and take a closer look. Without worrying about how much work youve already put into it, is it really as good as it could be? Apple asks that question constantly. Hallgren and Olhager (2009) find that in intensely competitive markets, the firm has the option of choosing to distinguish itself on price or on product differentiation, and the choice of operations management must align with the chosen strategy. Lean management is good where the firms aims at cost leadership where processes are repetitive, require adherence to predetermined schedules, a steady flow through the production process. Conversely, where high customisation, changing variety of products, and agility to introduce new products is the determinant of competitive strategy, the firm should choose agile manufacturing. Examining the internal and external factors these researchers (ibid) use a comprehensive review of literature that lean and agile manufacturing differ in the results, one helps cost leadership and the other can significantly raise costs to obtain agility. Examining the case of Apple, it is evident that the correct strategy must consist of agile manufacturing. However , we do not agree with Hallgren and Olhager (2009) that lean and agile are mutually exclusive strategies. In this, we find support in the earlier work of Katayama and Bennett (1999) who proposed that a combination of lean and agile is mandatory for long-term competitiveness. These writers see the need for a firm to think lean when addressing resources and agile when looking to build capabilities to meet customer requirements. We recommend this strategy to Apple. Chen et al (2009) discuss lean concepts and point to potential pitfalls that an overzealous implementation can cause. They emphasise that lean management aims to eliminate waste, effectively manage personnel, distribute design among entities that are best at each stage, work with the supply chain, manage customers, and wisely manage the organizations finances. Their (ibid) paper draws attention to the fact that in addressing elimination of waste the firm may risk elimination of creative time that is so essential for innovation. Focussing on short-term value creation through cost reductions may threaten competitive ability that can only come through radical and disruptive innovations. Similarly, when a company focuses on building a lean supply chain they risk disruptions of the processes that late or faulty shipments and failure of any of the links in the supply chain (Chen et al, 2009).In these warnings, we see echoes of the very strengths that Apple relies on to lead competition. Using the recommendations of Chen et al (2009), we can see that in order to derive maximum benefit from lean operations Apple needs to maintain a high flexibility and agility in its design and manufacturing capabilities linked to the innovative spirit exemplified in its motto Think Different. However, this does not imply that Apple has no use of the concept of lean; it is through careful and moderate application of its principles that the company can build strength to meet the stress of economic and political disruptions, and most vitally meet the growing competition brought about by rapid globalisation. Word Count: 3483

Is Abortion Wrong Or Right? :: essays research papers

Abortion, in my opinion, is wrong, but, as it is obvious, it is not wrong in to other people. To make this fair, I have gotten a few people to make a statement about whether they were pro-life, or pro-choice and why. "Pro-choice. As a man, I don't believe that it is my choice to make as to whether a woman decides to keep her child or not. I do not believe that it is my place to pass judgement on all of womanhood when it comes to having an abortion or not. If the circumstances were different, say if the child was mine, then I believe that I have a say, but not for women that I have never, nor will ever meet." Jeff, 20, S.C. "Pro-choice, because women have the choice no matter what. That doesn't mean I'm for abortion though either, just the right to choose." Adrian, 18, Pennsylvania "I'm both. If someone gets raped and doesn't want to have a baby, and it's not their fault that it happened, they should be able to have an abortion because they should be free to live their life. but if someone knew about what would happen if they had sex and they weren't careful, and got pregnant, then they should deal with the consiquences." Lauren, 13, New York. "Pro-life.I think that abortion is morally wrong and it is scientifically proven that the baby is its own person with its own DNA and fingerprints. No one has the right to take a life but Christ. The baby is not part of the mothers body-she can't kill it;it is murder." Drea, 17, Texas. "When asked whether to choose sides on the issue of abortion, I am faced with an unusual quandry. In Michigan, only women have bearing on the baby/fetus while it is still in the womb. All paternal rights come after birth, not after conception. So if a man wants an aborition, but the woman doesn't, the baby is kept. But the converse occurs also; if a man wishes to keep it but the woman doesn't, the fetus is aborted. In my eyes men's paternal rights are beign trampled on because half of that baby/fetus' makeup is from the sperm. I dont side with either and in my eyes, all men should do the same in order to get a voice in raising our families.

Zoos: Pitiful Dirty Prisons Essay -- essays research papers fc

Zoos: Pitiful Dirty Prisons If you have ever stepped into a zoo, you have stepped into a prison in which the inmates are defenseless and innocent, the sentence is long, and the penalty is cruel and severe. Zoos are not made for educational purposes but for entertainment, they do not benefit animals but push them toward extinction. "Zoos range in size and quality from cage-less parks to small roadside menageries with concrete slabs and iron bars." (Zoos: Pitiful Prisons.) The larger the zoo and the greater the number and variety of the animals it contains, the more it costs to provide quality care for the animals. Although more than 112 million people visit zoos in the U.S. and Canada every year, most zoos operate at a loss and must find ways to cut costs (which sometimes means selling animals) or add gimmicks that will attract visitors. (Zoos: Pitiful Prisons.) Zoo officials often consider profits over the animals' well- being.(Zoos: Pitiful Prisons.) A former director of the Atlanta Zoo once rem arked that he was "too far removed from the animals; they're the last thing I worry about with all the other problems." (Zoos: Pitiful Prisons.) Zoos are nothing more than animal prisons maintained for human amusement, not for education. ("Zoocheck".) Most zoo enclosures are quite small, and labels provide little more information than the species name, diet, and natural range. (Zoos: Pitiful Prisons.) The animals' normal behavior is seldom discussed, much less observed, because their natural needs are seldom met. Birds' wings may be clipped so they cannot fly, aquatic animals often have little water, and the many animals who naturally live in large herds or family groups are often kept alone or, at most, in pairs. (Zoos: Pitiful Prisons.) Natural hunting and mating behaviors are virtually eliminated by regulated feeding and breeding regimens. (Zoos: Pitiful Prisons.) The animals are closely confined, lack privacy, and have little opportunity for mental stimulation or physical exercise. Animals forced to endure such confinement often display abnormal and self-destructive behavior called "Zoochosis".(Zo os: Pitiful Prisons.) Zoochosis is a mental illness; symptoms include pacing, neck twisting, and other repetitive behaviors.("Zoocheck".) &... ...oadside zoos at all costs. If no one visits these substandard operations, they will be forced to close down. Contact PETA and start your own "Zoocheck" program in your local zoo. Zoos claim that they are good for research, but the purpose of most zoos' research is to find ways to breed and maintain more animals in captivity. If zoos ceased to exist, so would the need for most of their research. The key to saving exotic animals lies in saving their habitat, not removing them from it only to be placed in an unnatural and abusive environment.("Zoocheck".) Works Cited Zoo Target of "Bloody" Protest Over African Elephants PETA News Release http://www.peta-online.org/news/basel199.htm Zoocheck PETA's Action for Activists http://www.peta-online.org/library/actionideas/zoo.htm 21, Nov. 1999 Zoos:Pitiful Prisons Campaigns http://www.peta-online.org/cmp/ccircfs3.-html 21, Nov. 1999

Monster: The Autobiography of an L.A. Gang Member :: gangster crips, kody scott, eight tray

It was on the day of June 15th, 1975 that the world of eleven year old boy named Kody Scott would change completely. A month prior to this day, Kody was suspended from school for flashing a gang sign during the school’s panorama picture; from here it was evident where Kody was heading in life. Growing up in South Central Los Angeles, Kody was always surrounded by gangs and constantly witnessed the warfare created by rival gangs. Upon his return home from his sixth grade graduation Kody dashed out of the window in his room and ran to meet up with Tray Ball, a gang member of the Eight Tray Gangster Crips who had agreed to sponsor Kody into the gang. That night Kody was beaten senseless by the members of the set as a part of his initiation. Then, Tray Ball came and approached Kody with a pump shotgun that contained eight shells and said: â€Å"Kody, you got eight shots, you don’t come back to the car unless they are all gone.† The gang drove north into their enemy territory and eventually found and ambushed their target, a group of Bloods (the main enemy of the Crips). It was instant, gun shots rained from all directions, Kody shot six times before chasing an enemy blood who was then shot in the back by Kody. Kody’s future in the gang was set in stone. He was accepted by all members immediately, especially Tray Ball, who encouraged him to pursue barbaric acts that made Kody’s name soar in the streets. Two years later, at the age of thirteen, Kody was attempting robbery and proceeded to stomp on the man for about twenty minutes until the man was put into a coma at the hands of Kody. The police stated to bystanders that whoever did such an act was a monster, that name stuck to Kody and eventually became more prominent than his actual birth name. Needless to say, school was never Kody’s main focus. Over the course of the next two years, Kody made it his only ambition to fight for the gang and promote the superiority of the E ight Tray Gangsters. Kody’s end goal was to ultimately achieve the status of â€Å"Ghetto Star†, a title given to a individual who is known throughout gang because of the barbaric acts they have committed in the name of their own gang set.

English essay Journeys

English essay Journeys BY Iodides Journey is a concept of people's imagination including their use of inner thinking and physical act. Journey present new challenges to characters. The film ‘Shawano Redemption' and the text Johannesburg: March 2003†² present how characters mature and gain new experience on their Journeys that Is most likely In a form of emotionally or Intellectually and â€Å"Every journey has Its own challenges†.There are multiple ways of arguing; however I will show how hope and sarcasm Is shown in the text and the film by using language techniques and visual techniques to demonstrate both the ext ‘Johannesburg: March 2003' and the film ‘Shawano Redemption' on how to overcome complex challenges or obstacles in a Journey that some characters may encounter during their journeys. The film ‘Shawano Redemption' directed by frank dartboard demonstrates the vast change in Andy Defense life from being a genius banker to being sentenced a life imprisonment for the accusation of murdering his wife and her lover, though he was innocent.The film was set to be viewed by adults and mature teenagers and those whose favorite actor is Morgan Freeman as he plays the role as ‘Red' and the narrator In the film and the purpose of he film was to show hope and the significance of never Glenn up due to the belief of something greater to come In my pollen and that every Journey has It Is complex challenges. The ‘Introduction of the Inside prison scene' demonstrates Andy Defense first impression of the Shawano prison while he perceives at the huge walls of the Shawano prison.Frank Dartboard uses medium shot followed by a low angle camera shot. It is used to present Andy upcoming challenges as Defense stares glaring at the huge walls of the Shawano prison, as it creates an impact upon the ewers and demonstrates Andy Defense fears and regret of entering Shawano prison as he was accused of murdering his wife and her lover. Another visual technique the director uses is a close up shot when Andy Is in the process of escaping the Shawano prison.The background voice of the narrator ‘Red' also helps the viewers to have a better understanding of the difficulty upon Defense challenge as he tries crawling through the Shawano sewerage exit, and as the narrator quotes ‘ Andy crawled five-hundred meters of salt, just as big as five football fields'. This shows End's dedication to escape Shawano prison and live as a Riemann once again. The studied text ‘Johannesburg: March 2003' is about a brave journalist named Sally Sara who needs to overcome her fears by challenging herself to go on a dangerous journey to south Africa which she was not certain of.The main reason why must she commit to this challenge is so that she doesn't lose her Job as a successful Journalist and thus she became an Abs's Africa correspondent. Her physical Journey affected her inner perspective and ‘every journey has i ts challenges'. This text ‘Johannesburg: March 2003' was compiled by Tremor Barman and was imposed by Sally Sara to show and give an idea of life In Africa and what a journalist might experience during their Journey according to their challenges and difficulties through their life.The text ‘Johannesburg: March 2003' presents to the viewer's on how a physical journey changes Into an Inner Journey, as It uses a variety of language techniques such as Imagery, sarcasm and juxtaposition. I will show how ‘Cloud and smoke in golden light'. Another significant technique Sally Sara uses is sarcasm as it is presented when the plane descends as Sally Sara Sarcastically totes Welcome to Africa' to show the audience that her Journey will be difficult and an unpleasant Journey faced with many encounters.Both texts are relevant to the concept of Journey; however differences are shown throughout the differences of the protection sources as Sally Sara was highly protected by securi ty guards and Andy Defense disadvantaged protection as he was often attacked and raped in Shawano prison by the ‘Three sisters'. While similarities are also depicted or shown as Andy Defense and Sally Sara had a negative perspective of their Journey as they both receives a sarcastic welcome in the beginning of their Journey.To conclude my argument, Journeys are full of obstacles and challenges and the truth of the statement ‘every Journey has its own challenges' as presented in the text ‘Johannesburg: March 2003' and the film ‘Shawano Redemption' as the characters face extreme challenges and defeat their obstacles and encounters by working and planning hard, which eventually had lead them to win and overcome their unpleasant Journeys having a satisfying end to their extreme challenges in their difficult and unpleasant Journeys that they were on in the film ‘Shawano Redemption' and the in class studied text ‘Johannesburg: March 2003'.

Later Adulthood Essay

Aging in our society can be a very stressful time regarding our elderly. They are going through tremendous changes not only physically, emotionally, but also socially. It is in our best interest to help them make the proper adjustments during what can be a difficult time for some. Retirement is not always the best thing for our senior citizens. It can be a trying time as they no longer feel useful. We need to insure they remain productive by maintaining relationships with friends and family, volunteering, finding a hobby, and most important maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Because our society is so obsessed with youth, many of our senior citizens feel left out. In Japan, they treat their elders with the utmost respect. (Maslow, Kirst 2010). It is our turn to treat our senior citizens with the same respect instead of shunning them from society. At times their living accommodations are not suitable and the amount of healthcare they may need can cause stress in their lives. Their relationships with their spouses, children, friends, and coworkers change dramatically. It can be a difficult transition and is up to us to make sure they can ease into later adulthood with positive attitudes and a foundation of hope for their future. In their later adulthood years, the elderly experience changes in their roles and social position. Upon retirement, many aging individuals may withdraw from their social network circle. This may happen when the individual is not ready to retire and resents being forced to retire. They begin to feel unwanted and feel they no longer have anything in common with their friends. Our society does not incorporate the elderly desires of remaining productive which may cause them to disengage in socializing with their peers. Their social status changes from teacher, pharmacist, and store manager to perhaps a regular Joe in the neighborhood. This can impact their mentality and their ability to maintain a positive attitude during retirement. One of the best ways for the elderly to continue to feel worthy during their later years is perhaps volunteering and influencing our youth with their knowledge and wisdom. Determining the best suited living accommodations for the elderly can be a daunting task for their loved ones. Many elderly are determined to stay in their homes living independently and if they are not ill than that option may work for them. There are many  factors that determine if they can stay in their home. Do they have transportation? Are they close to stores and medical care? If their loved one has health issues and requires medical attention around the clock than a nursing home would be their best option. Another option would be a retirement community, senior apartments or senior homes. Trying to find the best living accommodation for the elderly to spend their days living productive lives is very important. They also need access to affordable healthcare. Many elderly are plagued with health issues and cannot afford prescriptions or doctor visits. They do benefit from senior citizen discounts but it is not enough to cover all their medical expenses. Our society needs to find a better solution in terms of our aging population and health care needs. Kim & Moen stated† On the one hand, the retirement experience may promote a sense of well-being, as workers move out of demanding and/or stressful career jobs. On the other hand, the retirement passage itself may lead to diminished well-being, as individuals lose their occupational attachments, their social network of coworkers, and a major anchor for their identities.† (Headnote, para 2). Regarding our aging population, the most difficult time for them can be transitioning from working all their life to retirement. Our society has stressed the importance of youth and our elderly start to feel useless. Going into to retirement can cause more burdens on the elderly. By living on a fixed income and not being able to spend on eating out, movies, or even vacationing can takes its toll on the elderly. They can become depressed, which can then lead to suicidal thoughts. Another factor of going into retirement is the elderly may lose contact with coworkers since they no longer have work to discuss, they start to avoid contact with friends. Many elderly couples may not get along during retirement, they are not accustomed to being around their loved ones all day and this can cause problems in their marriage. Our society needs to encourage our elderly to remain productive after retirement so they can feel needed and participate in volunteer programs offered in their communities. If they are able to work and can continue to contribute to society, it will be a positive situation for everyone including our economy. There are many factors that can contribute to our elderly populations marital, family and peer relationships. During retirement, an elderly couple may experience more  marital strife as they are attempting to get used to being home all day. Their health also plays a part on their marital relationship. If one partner is ill, than the other partner has to care for the ill partner and this will cause stress. As couples, our elderly may not have the bond the once had at a younger age. They need to maintain a close relationship and focus on their positive aspects of their relationship. Regarding their own children, some elderly attempt to withdraw and not maintain close relationships with their children or grandchildren. Some will engage more and try to interfere in raising their grandchildren, which will cause problems with their own children. In their peer relationships, they may withdraw also. It does depend on the individual and their circumstances on how they handle the important relationships in their lives. Bookwala and Franks (2005) found that having a successful marriage will enhance the physical wellbeing of elderly couples as they progress into their golden years. There are many social policies impacting our aging population. Many of these social policies were designed to assist our elderly during their retirement years. â€Å"One out of ten older people live in poverty.† (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2010, para. Financial Problems of Older People). This information demonstrates the dire situation our elderly are experiencing. How are they able to make ends meet if they have no savings and living entirely on Social Security benefits? Another factor is the cost of healthcare that many aging individuals have to deal with. If they are in poor health and are in need of constant doctor supervision and medicine, they are relying on the governments Medicaid program and at times this can cause added stress in their lives. If their health is deteriorating, it makes sense that we need to implement new strategies to assist the elderly with aging. We should also encourage them to work if they are physically fit and able instead of discriminating against them based on their age. Our focus should be campaigning for them to engage in exercise, eating healthy and maintaining an active lifestyle throughout their lives to delay the effects of aging. In order for our elderly to continue progressing in later adulthood, our society needs to change our way thinking. We should encourage elderly people to work and be productive. A national campaign for our elders should address the benefits of physical fitness, eating right, and  maintaining close relationships with their loved ones. We should make them feel wanted and treat them with the utmost respect. They have lived life, have wisdom and experience to share with everyone. By incorporating those into volunteer programs will also be highly beneficial for everyone involved. Making sure they are happy and living in acceptable conditions should also be our concern. Now is the time, to turn the tables around and ensure that we are doing our best to take care for our aging population. Works Cited Bookwala, J., & Franks, M.M. (2005). Moderating role of marital quality in older adults depressed affect: Beyond the main-effects model. The Journal of Gerontology, 60B (6), p.338-p.341. Kim, J.E., & Moen, P. (2002). Retirement transitions, gender, and psychological well-being: a life course, ecological model. The Journal of Gerontology, 57B (3), p.212-p.222. Zastrow, C. H., & Kirst-Ashman, K.K. (2010). Understanding Human Behavior & the Social Environment (8th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database

How To Find A Job Effectively

Everyday someone is looking for a job. Whether that person is a recent graduate, a person laid-off from work, or a person that wants a different job, their diligent search turns into a carefully planned search for employment. It is important that a person knows how to search effectively for a job. There are three effective ways to look for a job: use a variety of resources, do a resume, and go on interviews. One way a person can look for a job effectively is to use a variety or resources, such as the newspaper, the Internet, or the local Job-Service Agency. The newspaper can be used to help find a job by looking at the job listings in the classified ad sections. The job listings in a newspaper vary depending on what is listed. One can find the classified ads by using the newspaper s index, which is located in the front of the newspaper. Another resource that can be used is the Internet. The Internet contains many search engines that can be used to find a specific job. One can even apply for jobs over the Internet. A person can also use the local Job-Service Agency to find a job. A Job-Service Agency can help the unemployed person find a job in the area where he or she lives. The Job-Service Agency tries to match ones skills with the jobs that are available. Generally, when a person writes a resume, he or she should avoid using the words I and My; be meticulous; and be able to keep track of where one submits his or her resume. Since a resume is about ones work history, the words I and My should not be used. Writing the words I and My for every statement is repetitious and clutters the resume with unnecessary words. It is perfectly acceptable to write a resume with incomplete sentences. A person must also be meticulous and look for errors in the resume. A resume should never be submitted with typos and other blatant mistakes. When a person sends a resume with many mistakes, this implies that one does not pay attention to details or has poor communication skills. In addition, when submitting resumes, it is important to keep track of where they are sent. This is a good idea, so that one does not submit his or her resume more than once at the same place. Being organized is a crucial step in writing and submitting resumes. When going on an interview, attire, body language, and manners count. First impressions are very important. Ones overall appearance is the first thing that an interviewer notices. A person should dress neat and in a professional manner. In addition, one should be aware of his or her body language. Being alert and answering questions in a timely and polite way is important. The tone of voice, posture, and gesture gives clues about ones manners. A positive attitude along with good manners can have a lasting impression. Manners count. No one wants to work with someone who is rude and disrespectful. In summary, if a person uses a variety of resources, do a resume, and go on interviews this will help one effectively find a job. It is essential that a person know how to effectively find a job, so that one becomes successful in his or her search. When a person does know how to find a job effectively, it will be hard for them to find a job. This will often lead to a person not finding a job at all. Therefore, if one uses these three effective ways to search for a job carefully, he or she will have no problem finding a job.

Causes and Ways to Reduce Fatal Accidents

Accidents involving fatalities during the festive seasons has increased drastically. We should take this as a serious matter as it brings a lot of negative impacts to the road users and people around us. Based on a survey which has been conducted recently, the number of road accidents in 2013 has increased about 25 percent compared to last few years. Authorities believe that the number of death toll in road accidents will increase continuously throughout the year if there is no strict rules are imposed.There are many reasons why there has been an increase in fatal accidents over the year. Firstly, drunk drinking is the main reason that causes road accidents. Intake of certain amount of alcoholic drinks will make one feel unconscious and unwell. When he or she lapses into unconsciousness, he or she might not be able to drive with a sober mind. This is because their mental power is unable to function well at that moment and they tend to lose their senses as well . Besides that, neglige nce and reckless driving also cause fatal accidents.Reckless rivers usually like to break rules and even tend to challenge the police officers. Some the drivers like to tail along ambulances during emergency cases when the siren is on. Those are the irresponsible road users that should be suspended or fined . On the other hand, talking or messaging on the mobile phones while during driving is Jeopardizing your own life and the lives of your loved ones. People like to use their phones to chat incessantly and keep looking at their phones every second. Sometimes, we should limit oneself not overuse it especially when you are driving.Road users should always be caution and pay full attention while behind the wheels. In addition, exhaustion and tiredness can cause road tragedy. When a person travels long distance to reach the respective destinations, they will feel drowsy and exhausted which make them to lose focus on driving. Some of them even fall asleep behind the steering wheel. In o rder to avoid any untoward tragedy, one should get enough rest before starting your Jorney. Also, do not take any medicine while driving on the road. There are many ways to overcome the fatal incidents.Government should remind all road users to always adhere to speed limit and not to beat the red light. Observation of traffic rules and regulations will ensure a safe Journey. Government should also launch some campaigns in order to develop awareness among the motorists. In a nutshell, all parties should play their parts efficiently in order to reduce the road accidents. A I Malaysian drivers are urged to practice courtesy and consideration at all times while on the road because millions of vehicles will be sharing the same road. Remember, better to be safe than sorry.

Find a newpaper article on wine industry and draw a link to a Assignment

Find a newpaper article on wine industry and draw a link to a macroecnomic concept - Assignment Example The key concept the article deals with is the demand and supply side of the wine industry. In order to gain an in depth understanding of these two mechanisms, aggregate demand and supply analysis needs to be made. This is necessary because the article highlights that other industries such as tourism and manufacturing have also suffered losses in the recent past. The aggregate demand (AD) is the total amount of goods and services that are demanded by the domestic householders, government, private businesses and the foreign consumers at a certain price level. The aggregate supply (AS) is the real output of an economy at a certain price level. AD and AS will change as price level changes and the mechanism that AD, AS varies at different price level in turn indicated the equilibrium real output and the equilibrium price level of an economy taking into account the equilibrium of product, monetary and labor (employment) markets. The article focuses on the macro-economic and micro-economic factors that are troubling the Australian wine industry. The article explores the reason for Australian company Foster’s parting away with its wine business. First, it highlights the many macro-economic factors such as global economic slowdown and strengthening of Australian currency to be responsible for weak sales figures. But the major argument of the article is that the domestic consumption of Australian wines has decreased. The reason is said to be ‘conservative consumerism’ emerging among the Australians. To highlight this new phenomenon the article mentions the rise in sales of cheaper French wine. The figure below depicts change in Pricing and Aggregate supply with shift in Aggregate demand. In the news article the writer supports the decision of Foster’s to dissociate itself with its wine business. As mentioned earlier, there are many reasons given for this step. The reasons

Lab DSP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lab DSP - Essay Example Table 1 indicates that expected values are the same with program’s values. Rectangular window function was utilized to design low-pass filters in MATLAB with window length M=2, 45, 65 and ω=0.2 as cut-off frequency. The graphs for impulse response, pole-zero, and magnitude function (linear as well as dB) were drawn. In the first experiment, three LPFs of varying lengths, length M = 25, 45, 65 as well as a 0.2π cut-off frequency were designed. Many observations were made during filter design process. The rectangular function’s main lobe width is 4π/M. The main lobe’s width narrows as M increases, affecting transition width and increasing its gradient. Increasing M reduces a large transition width, which is an unwanted effect. The area below the side lobes remain unchanged with signals retaining the ripples. High side lobe as well as stopband attenuation of -13 db and -21 dB respectively makes the rectangular function undesirable to use. Using a different window function with lower side lobes as well as stop band attenuations is the only way to overcome. Poles-zeros plot significantly affect response frequency when ascertaining the poles/zeros position in the unit circle, thus remain very crucial for the experiment. Unit circle zeros make response to move towards zero, which are components of stopband range. Zeros that are components of passband range produce ripples during passband frequency, thus impact the signal, which consequently affects filter accuracy. Zeros ranging 0-π are crucial because those that are outside do not have impact on the filter response. The poles at zero only have impact on the height of the passband. All window functions, including rectangular, hamming and Blackman, were used in MATLAB to design low-pass filters where length, M was 25 and cut-off frequency was ω=0.2. The graphs for impulse response,

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY & PROSPECTUS Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

& PROSPECTUS - Annotated Bibliography Example Certain theorists and researchers consider that the problem is related to the personal characteristics of children/ adolescents. Others state that it is mainly the environment, social – including family – and political, that negatively influences the behavior of children/ adolescents within educational settings. At the same time, children/ adolescents with specific habits, such as the participation in video-games that include violent scenes, who are more likely to use violence when they feel that their interests are threatened. Current paper is expected to contribute in understanding the actual causes of violence in schools. Particular emphasis has been given on the relationship between violence and specific social, political and economic conditions. The role of family, as a factor initiating the use of violence, is also reviewed. The paper offers analytical explanations not only on the aspects and the causes of violence in schools, but also on the measures that would be introduced for the control of the phenomenon. Statistical data, recent as possible, have been also employed in order to reflect the historically development of the phenomenon, the expansion of which is continuous, a fact that had a decisive role in choosing the particular subject. The paper of Benbenishty and Astor has been presented in the context of the IV World Conference in regard to the violence in schools; the Conference took place in Lisbon, in 2008. The paper has been chosen as it includes a range of valuable information in regard to the specific phenomenon, as expanded worldwide. A series of incidents of school violence are presented; these incidents have taken place in countries with different cultures, including Japan, USA, Finland and Malaysia. The incorporation of the paper in the reference list of the specific study has been considered as necessary in order to highlight the aspects of violence in school, as a global

Holiday Song Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Holiday Song Research - Essay Example James Pierpont was an American composer (Anderson). Jingle Bells’ original name was One Horse Open Sleigh, it was only released under the name Jingle Bells in 1859. This song was composed in English. The song sings of the jingle of the bells placed on a horses reins while pulling an open sleigh in the snow. Although Jingle Bells is associated with December, it was never written for the holidays in December. It was just a popular song people sung in the winter months to begin with. Only over the years did the song come to represent December holidays. I learned Rudolph the Red Nose Reindeer riding home on the school bus in the first grade. I did not care at the time Rudolph the Red Nose Reindeer had been composed by an American writer named Johnny Mack. Johnny Mack copyrighted this song in 1949. The song was composed in English. Johnny Mack published two other Christmas songs (Anderson). They were A Holly Jolly Christmas and Rockin’ Around the Christmas Tree. Every school child in America sympathizes with poor Rudolph. The little reindeer is ostracized because of a big bright red nose. Rudolph is vindicated once he helps Santa navigate his sleigh in the snow. Everyone loved him then. I think all school children root for the underdog. Rudolph the Red Nose Reindeer reminds everyone that there is always hope. This song also passes down the belief in Santa Clause. Mariah Carey and Walter Afanasieff composed All I Want for Christmas Is You together. Mariah Carey is American, while Walter Afanasieff comes from Brazil. All I Want for Christmas Is You was recorded in English. The song’s release date was Christmas of 1994. All I Want for Christmas Is You is sung by Mariah Carey. She makes her intentions clear. All she wants for Christmas is her lover. I think everyone can relate. Most people want to be with their lover over the holidays. Nine times out of ten, lovers fight over the holidays, but that one time out of the ten

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or on the NASDAQ Analysis Essay

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or on the NASDAQ Analysis - Essay Example Ford Motor also has magnificent dividend coverage. At the current state, Ford Motor is trading at some 4% dividend yield with some potential if Ford Motor will continue with its expansion. Ford Motor is on a recovery plan hence a reason to watch it. NYSE stock is risky for investments. Investing in such market is tricky and need more strength and resilience that many stock beginners lack. Taking stock investments with Ford Motor, for example, is risky because the automotive industry is cyclical and any time the vehicle business can fall hence affecting the investment. However, investors should always consider the tomorrow of a company before making investments. The future of Ford Motor is bright for example with the new model F-150 model holding a lot of potential in North America market. Ford Motor is the fifth largest world automobile manufacturer. The size is measured in volume of production with Ford making more sales in Ford’s European operations. Ford’s automotive is highly regarded in quality compared to its competitors. Ford size has been affected recently in the past where it had to reduce the production volume in U.S due to high production costs incurred in increased wages. The company is growing and it has the potential for the future. Growth is evident in the companies’ plans and implementation, which is slowly taking into track. One of the best strategies used by Ford Motor was the Global Product Development System, which is a tool for sharing designs globally. The strategy has been helping in developing vehicles fit for the different class of customers in the whole world. In the last quarter in 2014, Ford Motor achieved pre-tax profit of 6.3 billion dollars and net income of 3.2 billion dollars. Outlook for the pre-tax profit in this 2015 is 8.5 billion dollars to 9.5 billion dollars. The fourth quarter earnings were 26% past the 23% expectations per share by analysts. The price or earnings in stock are currently at 20.8% Ford

National Park Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

National Park - Research Paper Example Furthermore, primeval indications of human adjustment to virtually unsympathetic environment are also present (UNESCO, 2013). In 1979, the park was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site (UNESCO, 2013); and in 2010, through the America the Beautiful Quarters program, it was revered with its own personal coin. Nature and Science Grand Canyon National Park possesses a geological uniqueness that is manifested by its rare physical characteristics. Unlike most national parks, the Grand Canyon, as what it is famously known, stages a wide-ranging structure of tributary canyons (NPS, 2013), which likewise conjoins size, depth, and bared layers of vibrant and multi-coloured rocks. The canyon is whittled out by the cut of the Colorado River. The park is generally divided into two main public areas: The North Rim and the South Rim. The remainder of the park is very rocky, bleak, and nearly isolated; nevertheless, many of these distant locations can be reached by backcountry roads and pack trail. Mo reover, the park does not only boast its well-polished, smooth rocks, but it also shows off its evergreen forests that makes the park a complete package for tourists and hikers alike. This rich diversity has further been proven by the identification of 1000 plant species found in the park (UNESCO, 2013). Environmental Factors and Issues Recently, Uranium mining has become rather common in the area (Richardson, 2011; Reese, 2010). Thus, environmental factors that may cause some degree of damage to the park have become a concern to its managers. It has been observed that for more than five decades, there have been found radioactive residues that are accruing in and around the Grand Canyon (Richardson, 2011). Nowadays, the National Park Service warns the visiting public to avoid â€Å"drinking and bathing† (Grand Canyon Trusts, 2012) in the Colorado River surrounding the Grand Canyon. While to infer that the water pollution brought about by the radioactive residues found in the Colorado River is not definitive and conclusive, indeed, the mining and transportation of radioactive materials can potentially cause pernicious effects not just to the plants, but most importantly, to the people visiting the canyon. Today, a 20 year moratorium has been ordered by Ken Salazar, Secretary of the Interior, to avoid mining activities in and around the canyon (Grand Canyon Trusts, 2012). Natural Features and Ecosystems Grand Canyon’s ecological and geological richness are displayed in various forms, magnificence and environmental significance. A World Heritage Site, Grand Canyon National Park holds more than a lot of natural features and ecosystems that could absolutely capture every person’s eyes. Caves and Karst System Grand Canyon National Park contains an estimated 1000 caves called speleothems (NPS, 2013); although, out of this number, there are only about 330 that have been recorded or inventoried. The caves found in the park are distinctive in shape and location. Unlike the usual caves that we see, the caves in the Grand Canyon burst out of the plateaus’ laterals. These caves have also unusual shapes and takes irregular forms. According to the National Park Service (2013), archaeological remains have been found in some of these caves i.e. split-twig figurines and do have â€Å"unique biological systems.† In addition to caves, Grand Canyon is widely known for its karst system: the geological formation formed by the disbanding of layers such as limestone. The park’