Madame Bovary By Flaubert Essays - Film, Literature, Fiction

Madame Bovary By Flaubert Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary tells the story of a woman's quest to make her life into a novel. Emma Bovary attempts again and again to escape the ordinariness of her life by reading novels, daydreaming, moving from town to town, having affairs, and buying luxurious items. One of the most penetrating debates in this novel is whether Flaubert takes on a romantic and realistic view. Is he a realist, naturalist, traditionalist, a romantic, or neither of these in this novel? According to B. F. Bart, Flaubert "was deeply irritated by those who set up little schools of the Beautiful -- romantic, realistic, or classical for that matter: there was for him only one Beautiful, with varying aspects..." (206) Although, Henry James has no doubt that Flaubert combines his techniques and his own style in order to transform his novel into a work that clearly exhibits romanticism and a realistic view, despite Bart's arguments. Through the characters actions, especially of Emma Bovary's, and of imagery the novel shows how Flaubert is a romantic realist. Flaubert gives Emma, his central character, an essence of helpless romanticism so that it would express the truth throughout the novel. It is Emma's early education, described for an entire chapter by Flaubert, that awakens in her a struggle against what she perceives as confinement. Her education at the convent is the most significant development in the novel between confinement and escape. Vince Brombert explains "that the convent is Emma's earliest claustration, and the solitations from the outside world, or through the distant sound of a belated carriage rolling down the boulevards, are powerful allurements." (383) At first, far from being bored, Emma enjoyed the company of the nuns; "the atmosphere of the convent is protective and soporific; the reading is done on the sly; the girls are assembled in the study" are all primary images of confinement and immobility. (Brombert 383) As this chapter progresses, images of escape start to dominate and Emma begins to become more romantically inclined. In romantic fashion, she seeks her own, individual satisfaction, she is necesarily doomed in Flaubert's eyes. Complete love he envisaged as aspiration, outgoing rather than self-centered. But he made Emma, from the very start, seek only a personal profit from any emotion, even from a landscape. This is what romanticism as she knew it in the convent invited her to desire. In facile, romantic novels the lover and his mistress are so much at one that all desires are held in common. Any romantic girl, Emma for instance, will then suppose that a lover is a man who wants what she wants, who exists for her. Nothing in Emma's character led her to doubt this, and nothing in her training could teach her otherwise. This, perhaps the most commom and most serious of the romantic illusions, is at the core of Madame Bovary and helps to keep the book alive. (Benjamin 317) We see this when Emma is seduced by Rodolphe who believes that all woman are exactly alike and love the same way. Unfortuntely for her she sees only illusions as to how romantic Rodolphe is and when he leaves her to return to his old dreary lifestyle his existance as an exhilarating and exciting personality is in Emma's mind and imagination alone.

Research Essay Sample on The Last Lecture Paper

Research Essay Sample on The Last Lecture Paper Essay Example The last lecture was made on September 18, 2007 by Randy Pausch a computer science professor who stepped in front of an audience of about 400 people to deliver a last lecture called Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams at Carnegie Mellon University. As he made the lecture, he used slides of his CT scans that beamed out to the audience and told his audience about the cancer that was devouring his pancreas. The cancer he said would claim his life in a matter of months but on the stage that day, Randy appeared youthful and energetic and above all knowledgeable. He seemed invincible to the audience but this was a brief moment, as he himself acknowledged during the lecture. The last lecture became a phenomenon, as it was based on the same principles of celebrating the dreams we all strive to make realities. The speech that Randy Pausch delivered was one-of-a-kind since it made the world stop and pay attention and this was possible because in the cause of the lecture, Pausch was upbeat and humorous. He alternated between wisecracks, insights on computer science and engineering education (Randy). He offered inspirational life lessons followed up by actions such as performing push-ups on stage. This makes the listener wonder and be encouraged of the fact that despite Pausch knowing that he is going to die and he is in his final hours of life, he is still jovial. It was a way to explicitly encourage listeners on how to carry on with life despite knowing that we will die later on. On the other hand, his book advises individuals on building multi-disciplinary collaborations, working in groups and good interaction with other people. Pausch expresses a five star attitude because despite being diagnosed with terminal cancer, he explains that it is just an engineering problem. He notes that he had only 3-6 months to live and with it he has three small children who would never know him. The book draws peoples emotion without the inclusion of paralinguistic features and can at times subject them to subjective opinions. The lecture he gave helps people know how to live your life as if you were dying, an irony he put out well. He avoids showing deeper emotions in such a way that it made the lecture a celebration of his life. We are made to know what to do when life throws brick walls on our way. He said that we have a choice which is, to stop or go around the bricks. We are supposed to play out our cards to get dealt instead of bitching about them. This is explained in details in the book as compared to the lecture he gave. The deeper explanation encourages one to go around the bricks than stopping. On the other hand the lecture in explaining obstacles, expresses death with an example about President Cohen, who having realised Pausch was going to do this talk, said to him that he should introduce a concept about having fun (Randy). He explains that just like a fish talking about the importance of water he also did know how to have fun despite waiting for his death. He explains that he is going to con tinue to have every day he is left with because theres no other way to play it. In the book, Mr. Pausch says to us that "The brick walls are there for a reason, they are not there to keep us out, but the brink walls are there to give us a chance to know how badly we want something (Pausch and Jeffrey, 51). We always find out that a lot of people want some shortcut in life but through reading the book, there is a candid explanation that shows that the best shortcut is the long way, this boils down to two words as hard work. It explains that if only we could stop taking a shortcut and work a little harder then we can have a better life. The reference to the brick wall has been made several times to remind us that it is so true. The only way to live with the obstacles is that as he says, "Time is all you have. And you may find one day that you have less than you think (Pausch and Jeffrey, 111). This is a major realization in anyones life since many people think that they have so much time, but it slides by so quickly. We should take the time to do the things we wan t and never put them off since "Luck is indeed where preparation meets opportunity" (Pausch and Jeffrey, 119) we should always be prepared. The lecture has a positive voice, making it interesting and helpful. Knowing that you are going to die can be at times devastating because any news about an ill heath that would shorten life can be quite disturbing. To add on it one is left hopeless to find that even the doctors cannot do anything to help. On the contrary, Pausch experiences and the last lecture he gave were made up of true and touching incidences which help live positive or find something that will help us want to be a better person. There are some bits of wisdom that can be carried and copied into our lives. Despite involving oneself in the emotional moments, we are also forced to laugh several times too. The lecture touches anyone who has had their life touched by cancer, it benefit all from the optimism Mr. Pausch has because of the seriousness of the issues at hand. The optimism in the current negative world is very uplifting. In contrast it is from the book that we are able to understand that experience is what we get when we dont get what you want in life. We are made aware of this when Mr. Pausch was describing the strength and love he had for his wife, Jai. He says that she is the one who will be left to raise the three children to preschool-age (Pausch and Jeffrey, 130). As a matter of encouragement to the readers, he talked about how his cancer diagnosis had encouraged him and given him the time to have open and vital conversations with his wife. This he says would not have been possible if he still had a lot of time to live. Through all the encouragement he gave her, I believe made he cope with the fact and as he says, she was coping and was doing it without the attention and even adulation that surrounded the last days of his life. This cannot be so in the daily life of an individual surrounded by such obstacles. In this situation, weak individuals would have circum to sever stress or any other dis ease that would come as an emotional outburst. The reality and power expressed in the book, gives us a lot to think about in what we want to prioritize in our lives. It directs what we might say to the people we love when we know that we are going to leave them behind. It arouses the desire to want to kiss your friends or your parents and call relatives too because he sums that "All you have is what you bring with you" (Pausch and Jeffrey, 159). Finally, to enable the message reach the audience, we are able to see that throughout the lecture, professor Pausch remained very upbeat, he was charismatic and the nerdy persona he displayed was infectious. Fro the book, as we read, we cant help but we consider and ponder what we would when faced with such circumstances if we know we have only months to live. With good communication and savvy and personality, he avoids very reserved, sombre tone for this speech since it would treat every word as if it were a matter of life or death. This method would have drawn more attention to his condition rather than the core message and that is why everyone who listens to the message is left with the desire to change. Even though he was being personal to some extend and the entire speech having a content with personal lessons learned through life illuminated through personal stories, Randy had a way to tell the stories while still creating some distance and remaining somewhat clinical (Randy).

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Case study - Essay Example Acquisition or alliance is a kind of strategy where a company purchases ownership stakes of another company in order to capture a particular target market. These strategies are also considered as among the pertinent growth strategies of companies in today’s business environment (Sherman, 2010). Many of the companies have come up with such strategies in the recent years. The latest company that has incorporated this strategy is Facebook. The company acquired the stakes of Instagram. It is the company that provides online services such as photo sharing as well as social networking for the users. The company has more than 30 million users worldwide with a total valuation of the firm of around US$20 million. Facebook, a social media giant offered a price of US$1 billion to purchase the stakes of the company. This acquisition will enhance the position of Facebook in front of its competitors, as through the assistance of it the company can provide finest photo sharing experience to its users all around the globe. This is also considered as among the key growth strategies of Facebook (Wharton, 2012; Kosner, 2012; BBC, 2012). This essay will analyse the entire case about the acquisition approach of Facebook and discuss the various threats and opportunities for the company. Furthermore, the essay will also analyse the methods of strategic development and evaluate the ones that will be applicable in Facebook’s acquisition of Instagram. In the later part of the essay, TOWS matrix will be used to analyse the strategic decisions of Facebook and Instagram regarding the acquisition. Strategic Opportunities and Threats of Facebook It can be observed from the analysis of the case study that Facebook will have certain opportunities as well threats as a result of its approach of acquisition of Instagram. There are certain potential benefits for the company. Opportunities It has been determined that owing to the acquisition of Instagram Facebook will strengthen its p osition in front of its major rivals in the market. Acquisition of Instagram will benefit Facebook users quite considerably. Facebook always intended to provide best photo sharing experiences to the customers or users. In this regard, the acquisition will enable the company to accomplish the aforesaid goal as Instagram is capable of delivering best photo sharing experiences for the users. In addition, the applications provided by Instagram will facilitate users of Facebook to leverage instant filters facility, which will be quite unique. This is also among the major opportunities for Facebook. Furthermore, it has been learnt that pictures and images taken from mobile devices appear to be blurred and ordinary. This aspect of photo viewing experience will be completely changed with the inception of the alliance of Facebook with Instagram as the later will enhance the quality of pictures captured and they can also be easily shared. Moreover, pictures taken with the help of cell phones cannot be processed before uploading them to Facebook, but with the help of

New hollywood Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

New hollywood Cinema - Essay Example Earlier on, there was the saying that this was the eventual death of Hollywood. This did not only prove to be greatly exaggerated but also a misguided conclusion. Hollywood reinvented itself once again to a new market as a new industry that flourished greatly in changing the marketplace of the media. Major studios that previously dominated the media such as Warner’s, MGM and Paramount continued to dominate the industry. The idea of a movie was still retained as the industry continued looking more complex as days went by. The term Hollywood Renaissance can thus be reduced to denote the adjustment from one period to the other: from classical to new Hollywood (Madsen 1975; Thompson & Bordwell 1994; Solomon 1976) One of the main reasons for Hollywood to retain its place was the rise of the blockbuster movie. In production values, market strategy and budgets, Hollywood changed to a hit driven industry from the early 1950’s. In classical Hollywood, studios would release a few prestige pictures yearly and then would relish an occasional runaway hit. The classical Hollywood would mainly rely on A-class features in order to generate revenue. In new Hollywood it changed from the occasional hit to the well calculated blockbuster. This would lead to changes in the way movies were produced and the thematic topics and styles used (Schaltz 1988; Mast 1992; schaltz 1981). This paper is going to look at the film â€Å"The Godfather† as a product of the new Hollywood era. It is going to examine the film in terms of its industrial, social, formal, political and cultural perspectives as a new Hollywood movie. Industrial perspective Arguably, â€Å"The Godfather† is the best movie of all times based on its level of sales and thematic relevance. It was heavily promoted and advertised. Its production was a big and it had very profitable returns. The godfather veered off the mainstream conventions of a movie when it portrayed a different view of the mafia. It showed the activities of the mafia from inside rather than the American conventional view of the mafia (De Stefano 2007; Schiach 1972; Steinberg 1980). As a new Hollywood film the godfather gained acclaim from across many cultures. Not only in the United States did the movie achieve a lot of success but also in Europe and other places in the world. It has become the best movie since 1965 in cinema attendance. It also sets the pace for other new Hollywood directors and actors. Mario Puzzo had the manuscript of the movie written and passed it on to Robert Evans the production head of paramount at the time. Previously, during the era of vertical integration in Hollywood, such a manuscript could not be taken from the big studios like paramount, played all the roles in the production of a film. In classical era only occasionally hits were released while other movies would be screened all year in the cinema (Lincoln 2005; Silverman 1988) In classical Hollywood, during production a film would be made to a beginning, middle and an end. The godfather defied this formula and didn’t have a definite beginning or events that signified a point of central tendency. However, it had an end similar to that of classical Hollywood era movies. The conventional style of classical Hollywood was such that the actors are used to motivate viewers

Gender in Organizations From a Critical Perspective

Gender in Organizations From a Critical Perspective The term gender is just a set of characters that tent to differentiate between female and male, especially in case of women and men. Depending on the context under discussion, the distinguishing characteristics differ from sex to social duties to gender identity as well. Some of the cultures have certain gendered-related social roles that ought to be considered distinct from ladies and gents. On the other hand, the social science at times look at gender as being a social construct and gender studies especially do, research in the natural science looks at whether biological differences in both females and males affect the human development. The term organization has been defined as a container, an empirical object which has rigid boundary, and a set of structure with real levels as well as departments that are much static and different entity from the organization members. It has been just in the recent past, when scholars have added that, organizations are defined and constituted through members communication as a way of sense-making process. In one way, an organization need to be looked upon as a microcosm of the surrounding culture, and on the other hand, can be seen as an arbitrary point where various forces of culture transect (Mats Yvonne 2009). It creation is through its naming, hence, an organization can be seen as a series of communication performances that is rooted and enacted in day-day discursive practices. Important Issue Concerning Gender in Organizations In general, why do women have lower wages, even when in the similar occupation as well as similar level, experience high rate of unemployment, taking many responsibilities in unpaid labor, strongly underrepresented in higher positions in an organization, and also lower expectations to promotions? It is true that, matters concerning gender need to be looked upon from a different point of vie. From the organizational perspective, there have been reasons that need to be considered about the effective use of human resources which originated from the current order of gender. As an effect, is there any reason for the management to consider gender when addressing the culture, practices and structures of the organization? It has been shown that, more organizations are benefiting from women after knowing that, there position is actually low paid jobs, and the absence of ambitions which has been conventionally ascribed to women as well as their expectations in finding the fulfillment in the sphere of families, that has been facilitating the adaptations to several modestly skilled jobs that tent to be available in modern working life (Krone Waldron, 1991). The presence of gender division in the workforce might be more advantageous for many organizations, as compared to taking equal chances seriously if the latter at least call s for major alterations. On the other hand, it has been argued from the organizations point of departure that, the persons sex has no importance as parse. Gender equality has never been in opposition to the culture of long workweek for the individuals who happen to be in higher positions or career tracks. This has been shown by current researches which are concluding that, females are giving more priority as compared to their spouses. Remaining in the majority of cases, organizations are drawing upon and reinforcing conventional gender patterns when providing encouragements and utilizing career-oriented individuals. However, the male breadwinner picture still supports strongly, the instrumental as well as career oriented gents working very hard for the organization (Asucraft Memby, 2004). Such like complications need to be considered before making many assumptions that are interested in gender fairness in the organization. Even for the managerial positions, it might be much optimal for the organization if m ost ladies tent to be not committed strongly to promotions to top jobs. Other than concentrating on rational arguments, like around objective interests and means to ends, it is much better to explore how individuals in organizations define the phenomena, as this means overstress broad patterns as well as the consistency whilst along with change. On the other hand, it is only gender discrimination and obstacles to the equal opportunity realization in work organizations that many have wished highlighted. However, it is only male dominance along with female victimization and lost opportunities that is to be concentrated on. An issue of interest is also the rich variation in the way in which organizations have been carrying out gender meanings, and how both female and male lives their organizational lives. It is not true that that work organizations are just representative of privileges accorded to men. However, it is true that, gents and ladies work companies can all bring about conformities, suffering as well as constraints (Kirby Krone, 2002). All of the m might experience joy and benefits conversely not only from wage labor but from day-day organizational life too. In other terms, the limitation on individuals in a certain organization, for instance, the pressure to give priority to work over their families, do not emanates from male dominations only, but also upon the working s of capitalism and the idea of organizations effectively along with competitive production of goods and services, making a high material living standards possible. Exploring gender in organizations, the mapping of what is happening to both the gents and ladies at work place along with gendered organizations, looking at the companys culture in terms of masculine as well as the feminine values, meanings and ideas, might lead to different stories being told. The perspective of gender in organizations perspective concentrates on gents and ladies as fairly robust categories and looks into the matter of how these issues are treated behave and or experience work along with life. The interests are normally din measurements and male and female group comparisons. According to Taylor, (1993) the idea of gender in organizations shows that, work place is even more than sites where the game of gender is played out. On the other hand, companies are looked upon as the inscribed by gendered meanings , structures and practices, which are characterized by the assumption along with values of either masculine or feminine nature actively producing individuals in the organizations (Ganster Thomas, 1995). Under this, more emphasize are on the construction processes, and how organizations like other social institutions are shaped artificially in some specific ways and in their turn contributes to the gents and ladies construction. Most of the gender in organization stories, but somehow a few of these concentrating on gender in organizations, are explicitly and pro-women intentionally, that opposes domination of male, and aims at improving the women situations. Nevertheless, it is also believed that, it will be good if On top of this, address how ladies might act conservatively in connection to the quality ideals, perhaps against the interests they have and how the culture of an organization might impact most men in the negative way. To add on that, gender perspective in an organization might provide significant insights into how companies work, for instance, concerning the inter-alia, company strategy, leadership, organizational culture, ethic, groups, communication as well as corporate social responsibility (Pfeffer Salancik, 1978). This shows that, the approach goes beyond the questions that have been asked about the advantages and disadvantages of gender patterns for careers along with work conditions of b oth females and men. Organization Theory and Gender In real sense the field of organization theory covers a very large area and the field is still expanding. In the past, there has been an increase in the number of research having interest in gender and organizations to a level that, some have observed that the main stream of organizational is just male gendered, this in one way or the other has become something of truism. On the other hand, despite the fact that the recent recognition within the more critical strands, of the discipline, it will be good to emphasize that organization theory has from the past neglected issues addressing with gender (ODonnell-Trujillo Pacanowsky, 1983). Some of the workers who have been viewed either supportably gender neutral point of view, but in real sense, they are representing male point of view. This is based on the fact that, studies were carried out invariably on male employees by male researchers. In other words, from the perspective that considers only male and masculine concept of work and o rganization as very much interesting, though gender concepts have not been addressed ion other works. In 1980s, the massive literature on organizational culture, were being driven by an interest in the meaning of life at the workplace, the issue of gender was hardly. Despite all these history, the importance of this field has in the recent past received much recognition. Currently, it is almost compulsory to include a section on gender in an ambitious overview of organizational behaviors. Despite all these, both gender in organizations as well as gendering of organizational along with the management theory of organizational analysis which has remained marginalized topics with mainstream organizational as well as the management theory that is still making assumption that both knowledge along with knowledge production are just trying to be gender neutral. The issue of gender for many seems to be a theme that has be included and ticked off, so that the expectations that ought to be addressed are made just in the name of avoiding critiques. Many have questioned the effect that might resu lt due to the analysis as well as the interpretations made on the issue of gender in organizations. It is only few who have considered its effects on the knowledge developing process as well as the understanding of organizations of the issue that, it is only men have taken part in its production. The female sex of course in no way guarantees an interest when considering the issue of gender anymore than the male biological sex an interest in the topic. The dominance in masculine in the academic life along with the organizations studied has had important effects on the forms of questions raised as well as the answers subsequently produced in the management and organization studies. Some subjects have not been considered in any way, they havent been considered from the gender perspective. In addition, there are these who are questioning if the assumption those organizations are neutral to gender, or the world its self is for men. Until recent, the case has been that, the manager is assumed to be he, though currently, it is perhaps only the senior executives that in most cases are assumed to being male (Kroman Scott, 2005). As a result, it has been maintained that, it is the life of men and work of gents that has been considered as being the research standard, both within the human relationships school, strategic management research, cultural theory or any other school that individuals might think of, in the organizations theory. It is true that, this holds water in parts of science as well. Uncritically, research in most cases has been reflecting cultural believes. The North American traditional concept of leadership might be described as an imitation that is based on masculine ego-ideal, that glorifies the competitive, creative, combative, aggressive, controlling, as well as self reliant individuals. It has been argued that, the whole field of management has so far had a masculine bias; in addition, other researchers have added that, even more neutral theories like Maslows need hierarchy have similar biasness. Nevertheless, there have been some changes in the in the discourse on leadership and management, possibly including the issue of feminization, or in other words, at least de-masculinization, though some reality easily lag behind a changing world. There are those claims and results concerning gender studies that seem more important yesterday, than today or even in future. It has been found that, gender perspective means the analysis of the significance, meaning and consequences of what culture defines as male as well as female ways of thinking, valuing, along with acting. It also means the analysis of the organizational practices that maintains the labor division between sexes. Vertical labor division depending on sex, can be connected to conceptions of masculine/feminine, that ascribes a gendered meaning to things that are contingent upon the cultural believes of what are the real orientations along with behaviors of both male and ladies The usage of gender point of view on organizations would also result to a higher degree of sensitivity to contradictions plus ambiguities concerning social constructions and reconstructions of gender relationships and to what is considered as discrimination and equal opportunities at the work place level. It is much significant to stress that gender relationships are not structured statistically and defined and for all, however, are emergent and changeable. This has been used to account for overall societal degree and every day interactions in the workplace (Hess Kramer, 2002). Despite the study of discriminating actions as well as gender bias in the organization, it is also much important to research on the elements of modern organization that has been producing tendencies towards equality between the sexes. This last concept has been neglected for long in gender studies. Though there are strong reasons for critical approach, but some current societies and several firms have social values along with rules that promotes the espoused interests and chances of ladies and do not only or majorly discriminate against them, even without the usage of special laws. Such social rules are of greater significance to middle class as compared to the working class ladies. The current society praises itself for being meritocratic and most individuals in the west claim that, to be in favor of an ideology that provides unbiased chances to both sexes. However, the fact is that, this is sometimes restricted to lip service. The opportunities to choose the way of resisting norms as well as guidelines for acting and being in gender and avoid sex roles, gender norms are currently better as compared to in the past. The chances of organizations taking a progressive and rational role, needed not to be excluded as though it has some limits like, it might give ladies better employment options and promotions as compared to male, but does not in any way deal with wider issues like goals and values along with interests that the organizations life is based on (Murphy, 2001). Gender perspective will also mean dealing with ways in which both male and females are constructed as individuals, there formation plus reformation through social processes, their actions and life experience their support and discrimination. It will furthermore include broader views on organizations. Some of the ideals like profi8ts could be much related to masculine conceptions and gent rationality. The limitations of interpretive powers of a gender point of view have been disputed by many, and as a result, it is not the best perspective for the study of all organizations and working life aspects. By being sensitive about the limitations of analytic and interpretive range of the perspective hardly mean that women need to adapt to their under-privileged in their working life, which previously had been influenced by very strong masculine dominance. A gender perspective din organizations also means the study of phenomena and concentrating on the basic questions that deals with rationality, like the aims and structures of the organization. The trick with this fact on the other hand is the interpretations of gendered meanings sensitively in non-obvious circumstances without generalizing organizational life through looking everything in terms of gender. By considering the issue of gender out side organizations, it has been researched and the most argued facts are the typical and dominant trends and patterns that aim at a general image of gender in organizations, though diversity as well as multiplicity has received more attention in the recent past. However, diversity has been reduced to the consideration of gender, class plus ethnicity formula. In addition, it has been shown that, organizations differ much from historical and reproduced gender biases in social activities. It is just like how gendered meanings that have characterized different work fields, professions, functions and positions. Many modern scholars have stopped looking at organizations and organizational theorization as being gender neutral, as an effect, they have abandoned any hypothesis suggesting that gender and organizational research are unconnected. Different authors as an effect have described the development of gendered organizations as an area of study, which needs to be taken as different from study from both organization researches along with gender studies. Fragmentation and distinction in these disciplines, composition and practices of gender, applied methods along with institutionalized academic professional practices on top of social networks, have encouraged divergence as compared to integration of organizational and gendered studies. Gendered organization field has included national, gender along with disciplinary inclusiveness, methodological and theoretical innovations. Gender Studies The issue of gender has been has been understood changed and developed differently in different cultural times and contexts. Gents, ladies and gendered practices have been dynamic since time immemorial. It is just in the modern world, that social science has been part of, and contributes towards, culture and thus impact on how gender understanding plus practices will be in the future times to come. On the other hand, Social science does not only deal with gender, but has been actively contributing to the construction of gender in organizations (Werhane, 1987). It has been argued that, it is cultural practices as well as social practices rather than genes accounts for the ratio of male to female or the reverse, in terms of full-time, part-time, wage labor, along with the unpaid homework, and in various occupations and hierarchical levels din different organizations. Social science on its part, fusses with cultural ideas to contribute to their developments. It is true that all statements and reasoning concerning gender issues are informed by value judgments in organizations are never neutral politically. For instance, the study of gender is one of the political choices, as is of course none-choice. It has been found on the other hand that, refusing to divide up human beings into two sexes is much problematic. This is based on the fact that, by looking at the importance of the distinction as much troublesome in social science, this is because; it obscures the variations and misleadingly indicates that the male and female categories are homogeneous and universal. It is one thing to assert that feminist organizations do not ride the coattails of larger critical ventures; as a result, it renders both independent of and integral to radical organization studies. The feminism organization scholarship has in a unique way contributed to individuals understanding of the relations amongst gender, power identity, discourse as well as organization in a company. According to different studies have shown that in an organization, discourse has been given at least four meanings, each having special attentions to micro and macro dimensions, namely; first, it means engrained habits of personal communication; secondly, it refers to the process of mundane interactions; thirdly, it also refers to the organizational form. Last but not least, discourse; means societal narratives. Scholars have come up with four ways of framing the relations among the discourse, gender as well as the organization. The first frame treats gender as a defining factor of human identity , and explains how it plays a role in [shaping interact ional tendencies. Frame two on its part, highlights the organization of gender identities around difference. The third frame pulls organizations out of the shadows explaining major pictures that frame 1 and 2 minimized, and at the end concentrates on individual entity. Last but not least, looks beyond actual locations of work and connected agencies, with the aim of paralleling discursive fields that interlace gender and labor. However, there have been little or no efforts that are underdeveloped within these frames, which can aid in unpacking the dielectric that exist between micro-and macro-level discursive processes. It has been argued that, gender perspective assumes that, the domination of male or patriarchy in organizations is just a mechanism that forms the foundation of all sorts of miserable phenomena that legitimize in discriminatory critique. There are authors who have been criticized because of overstretching of gender perspective. Of course, it has been argued that, there is no single discrimination in human society is much more crucial as compared to male and female; hence, there is no area in an organization that is gender neutral. Due to this argument, everything bears reasonable gender meaning and reflects gender biasness, especially to the advantage of men (Stewart, 1981). Though this reasoning has been accepted, there are these who still insist on the problems with gender over-sensitivity in organizations (Ellis, Et al 1988). This is based on that fact that, everything can be perceived as having some gendered meanings or matters that are perfectly gender-balanced , or gender-neutr al, does not mean in any way a gender aspect is worthy reiterating at all times. As a matter of fact, there are other aspects that might include some grains of truth might be overstressed. Any perspective in an organization runs a risk of being used in one-eye fashion to, to reduce all phenomenon to issues of male and female. There have been various reasons on the other hand that have stated the significance of paying much attention to gender over-sensitivity. It has been shown that, it is much important to become aware of the problems of overusing a certain perspective. The insensitivity to gender issues has been well documented and strongly reiterated by most literature dealing with gender. Gender over-sensitivity implies that, not to quickly disregard other concepts or possible interpretations. This means the, privileging gender over other factors in an organization, makes it the only decisive factor hence understanding gender becomes generalizing. Minimization of Gender Over-Sensitivity The different themes concerning gender over-sensitivity includes the connection of political function of gender studies, it might seem to be propaganda if political is stressed so much. The recognition and reiteration of equality tendency signs among women in an organization in an organization might end up weakening the case for female politicians, academics, along with risks of impoverishing the base for ones career. Another aspect of gender over-sensitivity in an organization deals with seductive gender concepts and ideas. They might be used when accounting for or illuminating all types of phenomena. The ideas of about femininities along with masculinities might blinker the researcher, other than putting them under use for self-criticality and with open minded. This is based on the fact that, issues of gender involve much more of the researcher as an individual as compared to other subjects. There are also some terms which have much little to do with what is called true, or false, hence much impossible to ascertain the appropriate degree of gender sensitivity. Even though there are differences between female and male, which are associated to things like sexuality, class among other factors, it will be good if research can add other forms of oppression. The meaning of gender needs not to focus mainly on gender issues and neglect issues and themes that are conceptualized din other forms. If individuals need to take the problem of over-sensitivity seriously, organizations need not to practice monologue, other than co-constructed dialogues. This is based on the fact that in many organizations, lack of communication has been linked to negativism among the coworkers, which might result to gender over-sensitivity. On the other hand, in dealing with organizational gender problems, organizations need to create a culture which in one way or the other assists its workers in managing emotions (Louis, 1980). This is based on the fact that, this needs to be a precondition of client employee relation, which enhances adequate service and product delivery. For instance, it needs to set proactive socialization culture, which leads to the uncertainty reduction for organizational learning. Synthesis of the Readings Organizations can be termed as containers, empirical objects, having rigid boundaries and actual levels and departments that are stationary and different from organizational members. Though, it has been criticized that little work has been done on impact of communication on benefit utilization, but the results can be reliable to in linking benefits accrued from it, provided that the right procedure and data collection procedure and practices were done accurately, because, if the research is reliable, then similar results will be reproduced in case of another study. In many organizations, lack of communication has been linked to negativism among the coworkers; this has been attributed to about the reasoning behind employee policies, and the programs that are entailed. In most cases, organization performance is never monologue, other than co-constructed dialogues. Though co-constructed, political, relative and situational are all four traits in the firms performance, but they do not all influence emergent performance at the same time, why? It has been observed that, the possibilities of emergent quality performance are vested in the interplay between communicative resources, participant goals and personal competence. The issue of sense-making then is as a result of individual reflection degree on the elements interplay. The creation of supportive environment, it is climate for the implementation of policies, apart from putting it on paper. It is beneficial Communication has been seen as a very significant due to the fact that work-family benefits are being realized due to interactions. On the other hand, in dealing with organizational problems, organizations need to create a culture which in one way or the other helps its workers in managing emotions. This is because this needs to be a precondition of client employee relation, which enhances adequate service and product delivery. For instance, it needs to set proactive socialization culture, which leads to the uncertainty reduction for organizational learning. However, the big question that mangers need to ask themselves is; what are the socialization processes that are facilitating emotion labor practices that are disturbing the turnover rates that often accompany working in human service occupations? In that connection, it is good for the company to lay down procedures under which new employees pass through during orientation. Research has shown that that Gender and organizations are interdisciplinary studies that entail complicated arrays of theoretical and empirical projects. It has been observed feminist organizations renders independence of and integral to radical organization studies. Feminism organization studies have assisted in giving the relations among the following frames; identity, gender, power, disclosure and organization. It is true frames when combined normally elucidate environmental factors which are much helpful in shaping socialization, economic and institutional changes. On the other hand, there are no efforts within the discussed frames to reveal the dialectic between macro-and micro-degree discursive processes. Though the discussed frame fissures might be the key ones, but arent there any other fissures across the frames that can be identified that might be exclusive to gender. There are many framing techniques that have been developed by researchers. Some of them like these basing on Giddens, have been developed by subjugated groups particularly. According to Clair, (2003) research has shown that women are unable to frame their experience just as simple misunderstanding, nor do they wholly embrace reification, the fact remains that researchers are just using subjugated group, hence the results cant be generalized on the whole group. In addition, it is good to identify, the research has identified the homorganic relations at the individual levels, but what are the relations at different levels of the society? Like interaction of women to co-workers.

Essay --

The question â€Å"Is this product genetically modified?† has gained increasing popularity among the health concerned and those who worry about where their food comes from over the past couple of years. A decade or two ago, this question had no meaning and has no significance in society. However, thanks to the development of technology and a larger understanding of the underlying properties of foods, down to the molecular scale, humans have created a new field of engineering to combat worries that have plagued the food industry to centuries upon centuries. And as always, the advent of a new a product or procedure that changes the way we think and create will always usher along with it self opinions from every strata of society. The genetic modification of food in the United States of America has become a pertinent topic of debate, just recently gaining its popularity in the past couple of years. To modify or not to modify? There are both pros and cons to whether or not c hange the DNA sequences of foods in order to better them in some way or another. However, like every other major, groundbreaking change in this country comes regulation in hopes to appease everyone in the country and give each participant a fair chance in the race, in particular, the race for the production and distribution of foods. Such regulation in the United States has been done in order to protect and support people that have not devoted their time and money to the biological nuance and also to give every consumer in the country products that are labeled, identifying what they are putting into their systems on a daily basis. As time and society progress, how we view tasks that have been usually kept hidden and now placed onto a pedestal for everyone to se... ...lation. The policy has three priorities at its forefront: (1) U.S. policy would focus on the product of genetic modification (GM) techniques, not the process itself, (2) Only regulation grounded in verifiable scientific risks would be tolerated, and (3) GM products are on a continuum with existing products and, therefore, existing statutes are sufficient to review the products. The framework is also responsible for the governing of specific agencies and their policies, as mentioned briefly before, and also which agency has responsibility for a particular experiment. The delegation of responsibility is laid out in great detail in large tables, showing specifically which agency is to assume responsibility. If two or more agencies have potential jurisdiction, then one agency is considered the lead agency, as the other ones are then subordinate, as mentioned earlier.

The biggest thing I have learned from music

In â€Å"The Art of Eating Spaghetti,† Russel Baker's discovered his passion to become a writer. Wrting was the only talent and it was the only outlet for him to find who he is. If there was one thing that I've noticed that has changed me, that is music. Before I got into music, I was someone completely different. But then about 10 years ago, I finally bought my first music CD; it was a soundtrack to the movie, Crow: City of Angels. That day, something just clicked in me, like a missing piece of a puzzle. After that, while my sister was at school, every chance I got I went into her already extensive music collection and began listening to more and more music. It was essentially a snowball effect from there. I just kept getting my hands on more and more music until I've amassed currently almost 500 albums. Much of my personality changed as well. It changed many of the ways I looked at the world because I started hearing so many more perspectives on it through the music. Instead of just a visual representation I had grown up with, I now had an audio representation of the world. So many ways of translation just coming straight to me through my ears. My views just broadened up so much and I started to accept much more into my life. I used to never like change. If I was at a restaurant, I'd get only what I absolutely knew I would like. Music made me to become much more experimental as it opened my eyes and helped me become much more acceptable of change and trying new things. I would say that's the biggest thing I have learned from music. Is the prospect of how beautiful things can become if looked at in more than one way. Music showed this to me and taught me a way to be able to finally express it. I used to have such a hard time expressing myself, but music became my avenue for expression. Now whatever effects me, it can show in my work, and the music I write. Again, music taught me how to accept change, and also to become more passionate. Well it kind of goes hand in hand to me, as expression leads to passion, and vice versa. I tried to do that with art, but it just never fully took me the way music did. I've grown and changed more from music than anything else in my entire life. If you knew me ten years ago, you wouldn't even know me anymore. It's funny how much some of the most simple things to some people, can be so complex and life changing to others. But thankfully, I was fortunate enough to discover music, because I can't imagine anymore the way I was. Now my world is so much more open to interpretation in ways I never thought possible before. Music would probably be the first drug I can say I ever discovered. When I listened to that movie soundtrack for the first time, listening to all those great bands, I just felt such a rush like nothing I ever felt before. It was insane to me. That cd was a gateway for me to bigger and better music. A lot of music is just music to me, thats all, I still enjoy it, but some bands and soundtracks are something else. My prime example is Tool. When I first heard their song called â€Å"Third Eye†, I learned that music carried no boundaries. This was music unlike any rock I've ever heard before. It was so intricate as it went on. So many parts to the song that sound nothing alike, but they mesh together like a beautiful tapestry. Parts are peaceful and beautiful, and parts are a tempest of intruments, and each section rung a note inside me, just taking me someplace else entirely when I closed my eyes. Its like, behind my eyelids, I could see what the singer was seeing as he sang his heart out. The first time this ever happened to me, I could remember vividly like I was on a sandy desert, but it wasn't hot, it was rather cool and the sky was pinkish. And there were pools of water all over the place, like it just rained for hours, and inside the sand, there were black shiny stones everywhere scattered. After that happened to me, I been hooked on Tool ever since. No music has had a more profound effect on me before that day. Man, if anything can make a grown woman feel like a little child that is so excited before christmas, that is Tool for me. So overall, music has showed me how much more there is in the world besides what we see everyday. The eyes are just one sense, and the ears can tell just as much about the world as the eyes. The world just appears more beautiful when you can see deeper inside of it. You have to see the abstract of something to truly appreciate it for how beautiful it is.